Page 584 - ACCCN's Critical Care Nursing

Management of Shock 561

87. Sundararajan V, Macisaac CM, Presneill JJ, Cade JF, Visvanathan K. Epide- 112. Lipiner-Friedman D, Sprung CL, Laterre PF et al. Adrenal function in sepsis:
miology of sepsis in Victoria, Australia. Crit Care Med 2005; 33(1): 71–80. the retrospective Corticus cohort study. Crit Care Med 2007; 35(4):
88. Hicks P, Cooper DJ, Webb S, et al. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Inter- 1012–18.
national guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. 113. Bernard G, Macias W, Joyce D, Williams M, Bailey J, Vincent J. Safety assess-
An assessment by the Australian and New Zealand intensive care society. ment of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in the treatment of adult patients with
Anaesthesia & Intensive Care 2008; 36(2): 149–51. severe sepsis. Critical Care 2003; 7(2): 155–63.
89. Dellinger RP, Carlet JM, Masur H, Gerlach H, Calandra T et al. Surviving 114. Vincent JL, Bernard GR, Beale R et al. Drotrecogin alfa (activated) treatment
Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic in severe sepsis from the global open-label trial ENHANCE: further evidence
shock Crit Care Med 2004; 32(3): 858–73. for survival and safety and implications for early treatment. Crit Care Med
90. Dellinger RP, Carlet JM, Masur H, Gerlach H, Calandra T et al. Surviving 2005; 33(10): 2266–77.
Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis 115. Finfer S, Felton T, Blundell A, Lipman J, ANZICS Clinical Trials Group Sepsis
and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med 2008; 36(4): 296–327. Investigators. Estimate of the number of patients eligible for treatment with
91. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Raising the drotrecogin alfa (activated) based on differing international indications:
bar with bundles treating patients with an all-or-nothing standard. Joint post-hoc analysis of an inception cohort study in Australia and New Zealand.
Commission Perspectives on Patient Safety 2006; 6(4): 5–6. Anaesthes Intens Care 2006; 34(2): 184–90.
92. Finfer S. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign: robust evaluation and high-quality 116. Magnotti L, Deitch E. Burns, bacterial translocation, gut barrier function, and
primary research is still needed. Intens Care Med 2010; 36(2): 187–9. failure. J Burn Care Rehab 2005; 26: 383–91.
93. van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F et al. Intensive insulin therapy in 117. Maragakis L. Recognition and prevention of multidrug-resistant Gram-
the critically ill patients. New Eng J Med 2001; 345(19): 1359–67. negative bacteria in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2010; 38(8Suppl):
94. Nice-Sugar Study Investigators, Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY, Blair D, Foster S345–51.
D et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. 118. Ellis AK, Day J. Diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis. Can Med Assoc
New Eng J Med 2009; 360(13):1283–97. J 2003; 169: 307–11.
95. Griesdale DE, de Souza RJ, van Dam RM et al. Intensive insulin therapy and 119. McLean-Tooke AP, Bethune C, Fay AC, Spickett GP. Adrenaline in the treat-
mortality among critically ill patients: a meta-analysis including ment of anaphylaxis: what is the evidence? BMJ 2003; 327(7427):
NICE-SUGAR study data. CMAJ 2009; 180(8): 821–7. 1332–5.
96. Van den Berghe G, Schetz M, Vlasselaers D et al. Clinical review: Intensive 120. Gold M. EpiPen epidemic or good clinical practice? J Paediatr Child Health
insulin therapy in critically ill patients: NICE-SUGAR or Leuven blood 2003; 39: 376–7.
glucose target? J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism 2009; 94(9): 3163–70. 121. Kanji S, Chant C. Allergic and hypersensitivity reactions in the intensive care
97. Surviving Sepsis Campaign. Statement on Glucose Control in Severe Sepsis unit. Crit Care Med 2010; 38(6Suppl): S162–8.
2009. [Cited January 2011]. Available from: http://www.survivingsepsis.org/ 122. World Allergy website. Anaphylaxis. 2004. [Cited Jun 2004]. Available from:
About_the_Campaign/Documents/SSC%20Statement%20on%20 http://www.worldallergy.org/public/allergic_diseases_center/anaphylaxis/
Glucose%20Control%20in%20Severe%20Sepsis.pdf.) anaphylaxis.shtml.
98. Hollenberg SM, Ahrens TS, Annane D, Astiz ME, Chalfin DB et al. Practice 123. Boros CA, Kay D, Gold MS. Parent reported allergy and anaphylaxis in 4173
parameters for hemodynamic support of sepsis in adult patients: 2004 South Australian children. J Paediatr Child Health 2000; 36: 36–40.
update. Crit Care Med 2004; 32(9): 1928–48. 124. Brown S. Clinical features and severity grading of anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin
99. Schrier RW, Wang W. Acute renal failure and sepsis. New Engl J Med 2004; Immunol 2004; 114: 371–6.
351: 159–69. 125. American Heart Association. 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines
100. Marik PE, Varon J. Early goal-directed therapy: on terminal life support? for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.
Am J Emerg Med 2010; 28(2): 243–5. Part 10.6: Anaphylaxis. Circulation 2005; 112(IV): 143–5.
101. Puskarich MA, Marchick MR, Kline JA, Steuerwald MT, Jones AE. One year 126. Pumphrey R. Anaphylaxis: can we tell who is at risk of a fatal reaction? Curr
mortality of patients treated with an emergency department based early goal Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 4: 285–90.
directed therapy protocol for severe sepsis and septic shock: a before and 127. Tang A. A practical guide to anaphylaxis. Am Fam Physician 2003; 68:
after study. Critical Care 2009; 13(5): R167. 1325–32.
102. Focht A, Jones AE, Lowe TJ. Early goal-directed therapy: improving mortality 128. Guly HR, Bouamra O, Lecky FE, Trauma Audit and Research N. The incidence
and morbidity of sepsis in the emergency department. Joint Commiss J Qual of neurogenic shock in patients with isolated spinal cord injury in the emer-
Patient Safety 2009; 35(4): 186–91. gency department. Resuscitation 2008; 76(1): 57–62.
103. Rivers EP, Coba V, Whitmill M. Early goal-directed therapy in severe sepsis 129. Dawodu S. Spinal cord injury: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology.
and septic shock: a contemporary review of the literature. Curr Opin Anaes- Medscape [Cited 2005]. Available from: http://www.emedicine.com/PMR/
thesiol 2008; 21(2): 128–40. topic182.htm.
104. Padkin A, Goldfrad C, Brady AR, Young D, Black N, Rowan K. Epidemiology 130. Mattera C. Spinal trauma: new guidelines for assessment and management
of severe sepsis occurring in the first 24 hrs in intensive care units in England, in the out-of-hospital environment. J Emerg Nurs 1998; 24: 523–34.
Wales, and Northern Ireland. Crit Care Med 2003; 31(9): 2332–8. 131. Miko I, Gould R, Wolf S, Afifi S. Acute spinal cord injury. Int Anesthesiol Clin
105. Brun-Buisson C, Meshaka P, Pinton P, Vallet B, Group ES. EPISEPSIS: a 2009; 47(1): 37–54.
reappraisal of the epidemiology and outcome of severe sepsis in French 132. Baumann A, Audibert G, Klein O, Mertes P. Continuous intravenous lido-
intensive care units. Intens Care Med 2004; 30(4): 580–88. caine in the treatment of paralytic ileus due to severe spinal cord injury. Acta
106. Boots RJ, Lipman J, Bellomo R, Stephens D, Heller RE. The spectrum of Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2009; 53(1): 128–30.
practice in the diagnosis and management of pneumonia in patients 133. Harrison GA, Jacques T, McLaws ML, Kilborn G. Combinations of early signs
requiring mechanical ventilation. Australian and New Zealand practice in of critical illness predict in-hospital death-The SOCCER Study (signs of
intensive care (ANZPIC II). Anaesthes Intens Care 2005; 33(1): critical conditions and emergency responses). Resuscitation 2006; 71(3):
87–100. 327–34.
107. Sogaard OS, Lemoh C, Spelman D et al. A binational cohort study of 134. Hillman K, Chen J, Cretikos M, Bellomo R, Brown D et al. Introduction of
ventilator-associated pneumonia in Denmark and Australia. Scand J Infect the medical emergency team (MET) system: a cluster-randomised controlled
Dis 2006; 38(4): 256–64. trial.]. Lancet 2005; 365(9477): 2091-7. Erratum appears in Lancet 2005;
108. Kumar A. Optimizing antimicrobial therapy in sepsis and septic shock. Criti 366(9492): 1164
Care Clinics 2009; 25: 733–51. 135. Clinical Excellence Commission. Between the Flags: Keeping patients safe.
109. Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE et al. Duration of hypotension before NSW Government, 2010. [Cited January 2011]. Available from: http://
initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of www.cec.health.nsw.gov.au/programs/between-the-flags.html.)
survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med 2006; 34(6): 136. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare. Recognising
1589–96. and responding to clinical deterioration. 2009. [Cited January 2011]. Available
110. Taccone FS, Laterre P-F, Dugernier T et al. Insufficient beta-lactam concentra- from: http://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/internet/safety/publishing.nsf/
tions in the early phase of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care 2010; Content/prog-patientsrisk-lp.)
14(4): R126. 137. Barochia AV, Cui X, Vitberg D, Suffredini AF, O’Grady NP et al. Bundled care
111. Lipman J, Boots R. A new paradigm for treating infections: “go hard and go for septic shock: an analysis of clinical trials. Critical Care Medicine 2010;
home”. Crit Care Resusc 2009; 11(4): 276–81. 38(2): 668–78.