Page 803 - ACCCN's Critical Care Nursing

BIOCHEMISTRY
Parameter Application Normal range
Blood analysis
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) Aetiology of corticosteroid abnormality <50 ng/L
Albumin Hydration, Nutrition status, protein-related 32–45 g/L
disorders and liver disease
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Hepatobiliary or bone disease Neonate: 50–300 U/L
Child: 70–350 U/L
Adult: 25–100 U/L (higher during
pregnancy & age >50)
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Liver damage Neonate: <50 U/L
Adult: <35 U/L
Amylase Acute pancreatitis Varies based on laboratory method
Anion gap Aetiology of metabolic acidoses 8–16 mmol/L
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) Liver damage Neonates: <80 U/L
Adults: <40 U/L
Base excess Metabolic component of acid-base disorders −3–+3 mmol/L
Bicarbonate (HCO 3 ) Acid-base disorders, particularly metabolic 22–32 mmol/L
component
Bilirubin Hepatobiliary disease and haemolysis Total: <20 µmol/L
Direct: <7 µmol/L
2+
Calcium (Ca ) Hyper/hypocalcaemia Total: 2.10–2.60 mmol/L
Corrected: 2.15–2.60 mmol/L
Ionised calcium: 1.16–1.30 mmol/L
Carboxyhaemoglobin Carbon monoxide exposure 0.2%–2.0% of total haemoglobin
normally, up to 8.5% in heavy smokers
−
Chloride (Cl ) Causes of acid-base disturbance 95–110 mmol/L
Cholesterol Lipid status Total: ≤4.0 mmol/L (recommended by
NHF)
HDL: 1.0–2.2 mmol/L (females)
0.9–2.0 mmol/L (males)
LDL: 2.0–3.4 mmol/L
Creatine kinase (CK) Diagnosis of myocardial damage Female: 30–180 U/L
Male: 60–220 U/L
Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CKMB) Diagnosis of myocardial damage 0%–5% of total CK
Creatinine (Cr) Renal function, particularly glomerular Child: 0.04–0.08 mmol/L
filtration Adult: 0.05–0.11 mmol/L (female)
0.06–0.12 mmol/L (male)
Glucose Hyper/hypoglycaemia Fasting: 3.0–5.4 mmol/L
Random: 3.0–7.7 mmol/L
Iron Iron deficiency or overload Varies according to laboratory method
L-lactate Metabolic acidosis Arterial: 0.3–0.8 mmol/L
Venous: 0.3–1.3 mmol/L
Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) Assessment of liver disease 110–230 U/L (method and age
dependent)