Page 807 - ACCCN's Critical Care Nursing

784 G L O S S A R Y O F T E R M S

and hip joints. It may also be seen in tongue, foot and any skeletal chronic liver failure (CLF). Liver cell injury occurring over a prolonged
muscle. Tremors are not symmetrical. period. The function of the residual liver cell mass is sufficient to
Australasian Donor Awareness Program Training (ADAPT). An maintain homeostasis.
Australasian program that provides a consistent and uniform chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A progressive and
approach to educating health professionals in the care and irreversible disease condition that reduces inspiratory and
management of dying patients and their families, including those expiratory lung capacity. This increases airway resistance and there
patients who may become organ and tissue donors; in organ is a loss of lung recoil.
retrieval surgery; and in the organ and tissue donation process. chronic renal failure. A failure of normal kidney function with slow
Australasian Transplant Coordinators Association (ATCA). Formed insidious onset, often related to degenerative diseases such as
to promote communication and collaboration among organ and diabetes or chronic heart failure.
tissue donor and transplant coordinators, and to promote research clinical decision making. The cognitive processes and strategies that
and education and discussion of professional and ethical issues in nurses use when utilising data to make clinical decisions regarding
the field in Australasia. patient assessment and care.
Australians Donate. The peak body for the organ and tissue donation clinical practice guidelines. Statements about appropriate health
sector in Australia. Members include state and territory organ care for specific clinical circumstances that assist practitioners in
donation agencies, independent tissue and eye banks, community their day-to-day practice.
groups, clinicians, policy makers, academics and ethicists. clotting indices. Blood tests performed which indicate the potential
autonomy. Ethical principle of self-determination and independence. for blood to clot. They are usually time based or expressed as a
azotaemia. Accumulation of excessive amounts of nitrogenous waste ratio of normal times for normal blood to clot.
in the blood. coagulation factors. Elements of the blood which are responsible for
bacteraemia. The presence of viable bacteria in the blood. the formation of a blood clot, e.g platelet count.
basic life support (BLS). The support of life by the initial coagulopathy. Disorder of the clotting mechanism of the blood,
establishment of and/or maintenance of airway, breathing, which can be caused by pre-existing disease, medications,
circulation and related emergency care. pathophysiological conditions such as hypothermia and acidosis,
benefit–cost. The relative merits of an action based on the benefit or current treatment such as massive blood transfusion.
that will be achieved and the possible cost (financial or other) that cognitive impairment. Deficiency in ability to think, perceive, reason
might result from such an action. or remember that may result in loss of ability to attend to one’s
benefit–risk. The relative merits of an action based on the benefit that daily living needs.
will be achieved and the possible risk or adverse outcome that cold ischaemic time. The time from cross-clamp to when blood
might occur from such an action. supply is re-established to the organ during transplant surgery.
biphasic. Pattern of electrical flow where the current reverses direction complementary therapies. Treatments that have not been
in the middle of the waveform, flowing first from one electrode considered part of standard Western medicine but that are
pad, through the heart, to the second electrode pad, and then increasingly being used in combination with standard medical
from the second pad through the heart to the first. treatments. These may include therapies for pain, such as massage
brain death. Death from confirmed irreversible cessation of all and relaxation techniques, and some nutritional therapies.
function of the person’s brain and/or absent intracranial blood concept analysis. A systematic process involving identification of all
flow. uses of a term, verification of common attributes and identification
cadaveric donor. Donor of tissue and solid organs after death. of manifestations of the term.
capnography. The monitoring of expired carbon dioxide. confidentiality. The obligation of persons to whom private
cardiac arrest. The cessation of cardiac mechanical activity, with the information has been given: not to use the information for any
absence of a detectable pulse, and unresponsiveness and apnoea purpose other than for the primary purpose for which it was
(or agonal respirations). given.
cardiac pacing. The delivery of an electrical impulse to either or both consent. The voluntary agreement of a person or group, based on
the atria and ventricles to initiate or maintain normal cardiac adequate knowledge and understanding of relevant material, to
electrical activity. participate in research. Informed consent is one possible result of
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A technique of heart the informed choice process; the other possible result is refusal.
compression and inflation of the lungs, used in an attempt to continuous arterio-venous haemofiltration (CAVH). A technique
revive a person who has suffered a cardiac arrest. of CRRT whereby blood is driven by the patient’s blood pressure
care bundle. A small collection of evidence-based activities applied to through a filter containing a highly permeable membrane via
selected patients. an extracorporeal circuit originating in an artery and terminating
carotid siphon. The twisted segment of the internal carotid artery that in a vein.
extends from the point where the artery enters the skull through continuous arterio-venous techniques. All techniques of CRRT
the carotid canal or foramen in the temporal bone, and bifurcates (hemofiltration, hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration) whereby the
into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries that form part of the patient’s blood pressure (instead of a blood pump) drives blood
cerebral artery circle: the circle of Willis. through a filter, which contains the highly permeable membrane.
catabolism. The phase of metabolism in which complex materials continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). When a specific level
(e.g. polysaccharides) are broken down into simple substances of pressure is applied to the airways in both the inspiratory and
(e.g. monosaccharides) and release energy in the process. expiratory phases of ventilation.
chemoreceptor. A sensor that response to change in chemical continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). A treatment applied
composition in the blood. continuously to replace renal function, including continuous