Page 808 - ACCCN's Critical Care Nursing

G L O S S A R Y O F T E R M S 785

veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH) and continuous veno-venous designated officer. According to Australian law, person(s) appointed
haemodiafiltration (CVVHDf). by the governing body of a health institution to authorise consent
continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH). A technique of for non-coronial postmortems and organ and tissue retrieval for
CRRT whereby blood is driven through a highly permeable transplant and research.
membrane by a peristaltic pump via an extracorporeal circuit designated specialist. According to Australian law, person(s)
originating in a vein and terminating in a vein. appointed by the governing body of a health institution with
continuous veno-venous haemodialysis (CVVHD). A technique of authority to confirm brain death.
CRRT whereby blood is driven through a highly permeable diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). A metabolic derangement resulting
membrane by a blood pump and via an extracorporeal circuit. from a relative or absolute insulin deficiency.It is characterised by
Solute removal is achieved by diffusion (exchange of solutes hyperglycaemia, cellular dehydration and intravascular volume
dependent on a concentration gradient) of molecules across a depletion, ketosis, and electrolyte abnormalities.
membrane. diagnosis-related group (DRG). A method used to standardise the
continuous veno-venous haemo-diafiltration CVVHDF). A diagnoses used to classify patients into uniform groups. In
technique of CRRT that combines CVVH and CVVHD. During addition, this method allows for weighting/comparison of one
CVVHDF, solute removal is achieved by a combination of DRG to another so that relative resource utilisation of each can be
convection and diffusion. analysed.
controlled mechanical ventilation. A ventilation mode that requires dialysate. The solution administered into the ultrafiltrate-dialysate
the patient to receive neuromuscular blockade and sedation so compartment of the haemofilter of a haemodialyser in order to
that a fixed, non-triggered tidal volume and rate can be delivered. achieve solute clearance by diffusion.
convection. A process where dissolved solutes are removed with dialysis. Purification of blood by diffusion of waste substances through
blood plasma water as it is filtered through the haemofilter a membrane.
membrane. diffusion. A term which describes a type of solute transport across a
counterpulsation. Rapid inflation of the intra-aortic balloon catheter semipermeable membrane.
at the onset of diastole of each cardiac cycle and then deflation disseminate intravascular coagulation. Widespread formation of
immediately before the onset of the next systole. fibrin clots, platelet and coagulation protein consumption and
critical care nursing. Specialised nursing care of critically ill patients occlusion of microvasculature, resulting in impaired cellular tissue
who have an immediate life-threatening or potentially life- oxygen delivery.
threatening illness or injury. Donatelife Organ Donor Coordinator. Also referred to as Organ
critical illness. A state or disease process where life support Donor Coordinator, State Organ Donor Coordinator or State Donor
techniques and or machines are required to sustain life until the Nurse Consultant in various jurisdictions.
patient with the illness recovers. donation. Refers to organ and tissue donation. It should be
critically ill patients. Patients who have an immediate life-threatening recognised that an organ donor may also be a tissue donor. It
or potentially life-threatening illness or injury causing compromise should also be noted that there is a separate group of donors who
to the function of one or more organs. are tissue donors only.
cross-clamp. The act of clamping the aorta to achieve a controlled donation after cardiac death (DCD). Also known as non-heart-
arrest of the heart, ceasing blood flow to all organs, and beating donation (NHBD): donor of selective solid organs and
commencement of infusion of cold perfusion fluid during organ tissues after cardiac death rather than brain death.
retrieval surgery. Marks the beginning of cold ischaemic time. dose intensity. A term used to describe how much renal replacement
cytokine. Glycoproteins of low molecular weight that have immune therapy is applied or prescribed for a given time.
function activity are elevated as a result of bacterial multiplication drowning. The process of experiencing respiratory impairment from
and or inflammation. High levels of cytokines can suppress submersion or immersion in a liquid.
immune function. dry drowning. A submersion incident where no significant water
cytopathic anoxia. The inability of the cells to utilise oxygen even (liquid) is aspirated into the lungs.
when available. eclampsia. A severe variant of preeclampsia, characterised by
damage-control surgery. A four-stage surgical approach that, tonic–clonic seizures which are not caused by any preexisting
according to Schwab (2004), involves ‘early recognition of patients disease or other identifiable causes e.g. epilepsy, cerebral
that warrant damage control, salvage operation for haemorrhage haemorrhage.
and contamination control, intensive care management and finally emancipatory practice development. A continuous process
an operation for definitive repair and reconstruction’. used to improve an aspect of patient care through fostering
death. The final cessation of the integrated functioning of the body. empowerment of others and creation of a transformational culture.
Death is observed to have occurred when there is irreversible loss endotracheal tube. An artificial airway used in critical care settings, to
of brain function or irreversible cessation of circulation. enable delivery of mechanical ventilation and clearance of airway
defibrillation. The application of a controlled electrical shock to the secretions.
victim’s chest in order to terminate a life-threatening cardiac ethical/unethical. Right or morally acceptable/wrong or morally
rhythm. unacceptable.
denervation. Loss of direct autonomic nervous system innervation. ethics. The study of morals and values.
deontological. A philosophical view reflecting duty or a moral evidence-based nursing. ’The conscientious, explicit, and judicious
obligation to behave or act in a particular way. use of theory-derived, research-based information in making
depolarisation. The electrical state in an excitable cell where the decisions about care delivery to individuals or groups of patients.’
inside of the cell becomes less negative relative to the outside. (Garbett & McCormack, 2002).