Page 88 - ACCCN's Critical Care Nursing

Recovery and Rehabilitation 65

TABLE 4.5, Continued

First author/ Instrument/
a
Country Design n/Male Cohort Acuity /ICU LOS Age cut-off score Main findings
Kapfhammer Cross- 46/52% ARDS; median 8 years 22.5/— 36 PTSS-10 >35 24% of patients
(2004) / sectional after treatment diagnosed with
81
Germany PTSD; a further 17%
had sub-threshold
PTSD; those with
PTSD reported a
poorer HRQOL
Rattray Prospective 80/64% General ICU; hospital 17.7/4.9 55 IES ≥20 12% reported severe
(2005) /UK longitudinal discharge, 6 & avoidant behaviour,
85
12 months 18% severe intrusive
thoughts at 12
months; scores did
not reduce over 12
months and were
associated with
reported ICU
memories and age
Sukantarat Prospective 51/43% In ICU ≥3 days; 3 & 15.3/16.9 57.4 IES: intrusion Intrusion in 24% at 3
(2007) /UK 9 months after ≥21; months and 20%
184
ICU discharge avoidance at 9 months;
≥18 avoidance in 36% at
3 months and 38%
at 9 months
Wallen Predictive 100/ ≥24 hours ICU LOS; 13.0/2.4 63 IES-R ≥33 Mean IES-R=17.8; 13%
185
(2008) / cohort 68% medical/surgical ICU; scored higher than
Australia 1 month after cut-off score; those
discharge ≤ 65 years were 5.6
times more likely to
report PTSS
Weinert Prospective 149/52% Medical and Surgical –/– 54 PTSD PTSD prevalence at 2
105
(2008) / ICUs; 6 positive months was 17%
USA 2 & 6 months responses and this had
across 3 reduced to 15% by 6
domains. months; patients
who reported
delirious memories
had higher PTSD
scores
Myhren Cross- 255/63% Medical/surgical ICUs SAPS 37/12 days 48 IES ≥ 35 25% above threshold
84
(2009) / sectional and CCU; 4–6 weeks
Norway post-discharge
Myhren Longitudinal 3 & 12 months 27% above threshold
86
(2010) / at 12 months; no
Norway differences in scores
across time; high
education level,
optimism trait,
factual recall,
memory of pain
were independent
predictors of PTSS