Page 382 - Concise Pathology for Exam Preparation ( PDFDrive )

13 The Lung 367

Q. Enumerate the various pulmonary infections.

Ans. Common pulmonary infections include
1. Acute pneumonia
2. Health care–associated pneumonia
3. Hospital-acquired pneumonia
4. Aspiration (inhalation) pneumonia
5. Chronic pneumonia
6. Pneumonia in an immunocompromised host
7. Necrotizing pneumonia and lung abscess
Note: For details on pneumonia, see Chapter 7.

Q. Enumerate the complications of acute bacterial pneumonia.

Ans. Complications of acute bacterial pneumonia:
1. Abscess formation: Due to tissue destruction and necrosis (more in case of Klebsiella
or Type III pneumococcal infections)
2. Empyema: Presence of suppurative material in the pleural cavity
3. Organization of intra-alveolar exudate may convert affected lung into solid fibrous
tissue.
4. Bacteraemia dissemination: Heart valves (endocarditis), pericardium (pericarditis),
brain (meningitis), joints (suppurative arthritis) and metastatic abscesses in kidneys,
spleen, etc.

Q. Write briefly on community-acquired acute viral pneumonia.

Ans. Community-acquired acute viral pneumonia has the following clinicopathological features:

Causative Organisms
Respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, human metapneumovirus, influenza A
and B and adenovirus

Predisposing Conditions
Malnutrition, alcohol intake and diminished immunity

Clinical Features
• Nonspecific
• May mimic an upper respiratory tract infection or present as an acute nonspecific
febrile illness manifesting with fever, headache and myalgias in immunocompetent
individuals
• May present as a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised individuals

Gross Morphology

• Involvement patchy or lobar
• May be unilateral or bilateral
• Lungs are red-blue, congested, subcrepitant; pleural involvement is rare

mebooksfree.com