Page 510 - Concise Pathology for Exam Preparation ( PDFDrive )

17 Male Genital Tract 495

TABLE 17.1. Differences between the seminomatous and nonseminomatous germ cell
tumours
Features SGCTs NSGCTs
Components Only one histological type; secrete HCG in Umbrella designation that includes one
15% cases histological type as well as more than
one histological type or mixed
tumours; secrete HCG, AFP, LDH,
PLAP, HPL, etc.
Spread • Remain localized to testes for a long time • Metastasize early
• Mainly metastasize to lymph nodes; hae- • Haematogenous spread early and more
matogenous spread late frequent
Stage Majority present in Stage I Majority present in Stages II and III
Gross • Areas of necrosis and haemorrhage are • Necrosis and haemorrhage are
rare common
• Less tendency to infiltrate tunica, epidid- • Greater tendency to infiltrate tunica,
ymis, spermatic cord and scrotal sac epididymis, spermatic cord and scrotal
• Shape of the testis is maintained sac
• Shape of the testis may be distorted
Response to radiation Radiosensitive Radio resistant
Behaviour Less aggressive More aggressive
Prognosis Good Bad

PENIS
Normal Structure
• The penis consists of three cylindrical erectile vascular tissue bodies (two corpora
cavernosa of the penis, placed dorsally and one corpus cavernosum of the urethra,
placed ventrally), all covered by skin.
• The longest part of the penis is labelled the shaft, at the end of which is the head, or glans
penis. The frenulum or frenum is a connecting membrane on the underside of the penis
• The glans has a covering, called the foreskin or prepuce. The prepuce is a retractile fold
of skin containing connective tissue, smooth muscle and sebaceous glands.
Q. Write briefly on the inflammatory conditions affecting penis.

Ans. Salient features of inflammatory conditions affecting penis:
• The foreskin of the penis (prepuce) and the glans penis (the conical end of the penis)
are the areas usually affected by inflammation. Inflammation of the glans and foreskin
are labelled balanitis and posthitis, respectively. Balanoposthitis is inflammation of
both the glans penis and the foreskin.
• Causes of penile inflammation include infectious and noninfectious conditions.
• Common infectious causes are yeast infections (Candida albicans), sexually transmitted
diseases (gonorrhoea, herpes and syphilis) and scabies.
• Noninfectious causes include allergic reactions (to latex condom or to contraceptive
gels), papulosquamous disorders (lichen planus, psoriasis), seborrheic dermatitis and
balanitis xerotica obliterans (chronic inflammation of the glans which results in
formation of white plaques on the foreskin and glans, which on histopathology
show changes similar to lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and may lead to constriction
of the urinary passage).
• Penile inflammation may manifest with pain, swelling, irritation, redness, erosions/
ulceration and enlarged groin lymph nodes.

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