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1802 Part XI Transfusion Medicine
The Hemovigilance Module provides standard criteria and defini- Kuehnert M, Roth VR, Haley NR, et al: Transfusion-transmitted bacterial
tions to participating facilities to report adverse events related to infection in the United States, 1998 through 2000. Transfusion 41:1493,
blood transfusion that will result in aggregate data suitable for trend 2001.
analyses and benchmarking. Participating facilities can analyze their Popovsky MA: Transfusion reactions, Bethesda, MD, 2012, AABB Press.
data independently within NHSN and will be able to compare their Sachs UJ, Wasel W, Bayat B, et al: Mechanism of transfusion-related acute
data with national aggregate rates through NHSN in the future. lung injury induced by HLA class II antibodies. Blood 117:669, 2011.
The following transfusion reaction categories are used to identify Sandler SG, Eder AF, Goldman M, et al: The entity of immunoglobulin
types of adverse events related to blood transfusion: A-related anaphylactic transfusion reactions is not evidence based. Trans-
fusion 55:199, 2015.
• Allergic Savage WJ, Hamilton RG, Tobian AR, et al: Defining risk factors and pre-
• Acute hemolytic sentations of allergic transfusion reactions. J Allerg Clin Imm 133:1772,
• Delayed hemolytic 2014.
• Delayed serologic Shimada E, Tadokoro K, Watanabe Y, et al: Anaphylactic transfusion reac-
• Febrile nonhemolytic tions in haptoglobin-deficient patients with IgE and IgG haptoglobin
• Hypotensive antibodies. Transfusion 42:766, 2002.
• Posttransfusion purpura Sihler K, Napolitano L: Complications of massive transfusion. Chest 137:209,
• Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) 2010.
• Transfusion-associated dyspnea Stowell SR, Winkler AM, Maier CL, et al: Initiation and regulation of
• Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease complement during hemolytic transfusion reactions. Clin Dev Immunol
• Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) 2012:307093, 2012.
• Transfusion-transmitted infection Tobian A, Sokoll LJ, Tisch DJ, et al: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide
is a useful diagnostic marker for transfusion-associated circulatory over-
Transfusion reactions are further classified by their severity and load. Transfusion 48:1143, 2008.
imputability—that is, the likelihood that the reaction is attributable Toy P, Gajic O, Bacchetti P, et al: Transfusion-related acute lung injury:
to infusion of the blood product being investigated. Protocols, forms, incidence and risk factors. Blood 119:2002, 1757.
and enrollment information are available online (http://www.cdc.gov/ U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Vaccines, Blood & Biologics: Fatalities
nhsn/PDFs/Biovigilance/BV-HV-protocol-current.pdf). reported to FDA following blood collection and transfusion: Annual summary
for fiscal Year 2013. <http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/
SafetyAvailability/ReportaProblem/TransfusionDonationFatalities/
SUGGESTED READINGS ucm391574.htm>.
Uchida S, Tadokoro K, Takahashi M, et al: Analysis of 66 patients definitive
Alessandrino P, Bernasconi P, Caldera D, et al: Adverse events occurring with transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease and the effect of
during bone marrow or peripheral blood progenitor cell infusion: analysis universal irradiation of blood. Transfusion Med 23:416, 2013.
of 126 cases. Bone Marrow Transplant 23:533, 1999. Vlaar A, Hofstra JJ, Determann RM, et al: The incidence, risk factors, and
Benumof J: Minimizing venous air embolism from reinfusion bags [comment]. outcome of transfusion-related acute lung injury in a cohort of cardiac
Anesthesiology 91:1999, 1962. surgery patients: a prospective nested case-control study. Blood 117:4218,
Gilliss B, Looney M: Experimental models of transfusion-related acute lung 2011.
injury. Transfus Med Rev 25:1, 2011. Wiersum-Osselton J, Middleburg RA, Beckers EA, et al: Male-only fresh-
Hardy J, de Moerloose P, Samama C: The coagulopathy of massive transfu- frozen plasma for transfusion-related acute lung injury prevention:
sion. Vox Sang 89:123, 2005. before-and-after comparative cohort study. Transfusion 51:1278, 2011.
Heddle NM, Blajchman MA, Meyer RM, et al: A randomized controlled trial Worel N, Greinix HT, Keil F, et al: Severe immune hemolysis after minor
comparing the frequency of acute reactions to plasma-removed platelets ABO-mismatched allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell transplanta-
and prestorage WBC-reduced platelets. Transfusion 42:556, 2002. tion occurs more frequently after nonmyeloablative than myeloablative
Holcomb JB, Tilley BC, Baraniuk S, et al: Transfusion of plasma, platelets, conditioning. Transfusion 42:1293, 2002.
and red blood cells in a 1 : 1 : 1 vs a 1 : 1 : 2 ratio and mortality in patients Yomtovian RA, Palavecino EL, Dysktra AH, et al: Evolution of surveil-
with severe trauma: the PROPPR randomized clinical trial. JAMA lance methods for detection of bacterial contamination of platelets in a
313:471, 2015. university hospital, 1991 through 2004. Transfusion 46:719–730, 2006.
Kelly M, Roy DC, Labbe AC, et al: What is the clinical significance of infus-
ing hematopoietic cell grafts contaminated with bacteria? Bone Marrow
Transplant 38:183, 2006.

