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260 Part III Immunologic Basis of Hematology
FUTURE DIRECTIONS Cerboni S, Gentili M, Manel N: Diversity of pathogen sensors in dendritic
cells. Adv Immunol 120:211, 2013.
DCs are a sparsely distributed population of BM-derived mono- Ganguly D, Haak S, Sisirak V, et al: The role of dendritic cells in autoim-
nuclear cells that exist in an immature form in virtually all tissues munity. Nat Rev Immunol 13:566, 2013.
in the body. DCs serve as professional APCs with extraordinary Sabado RL, Bhardwaj N: Dendritic cell immunotherapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci
capacity to stimulate naive T lymphocytes (as well as B cells, NK 1284:31, 2013.
cells, and NK T cells) and initiate primary immune response. They Schlitzer A, McGovern N, Ginhoux F: Dendritic cells and monocyte-derived
link innate and adaptive immunity and are responsible for activation cells: Two complementary and integrated functional systems. Semin Cell
and inhibition of effector cells. Their clinical applications in cancer, Dev Biol 41:9, 2015.
transplantation, and chronic viral infections are under investigation. Segura E, Amigorena S: Cross-presentation in mouse and human dendritic
Promising approaches to enhance their recruitment and promote cells. Adv Immunol 127:1, 2015.
their activation to improve adaptive immune responses are being
tested in the clinic.
REFERENCES
SUGGESTED READINGS For the complete list of references, log on to www.expertconsult.com.
Bhardwaj N: DCs and NK cells: critical effectors in the immune response to
HIV-1. Nat Rev Immunol 11:176, 2011.

