Page 1081 - Clinical Immunology_ Principles and Practice ( PDFDrive )
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1046         ParT EighT  Immunology of Neoplasia


        (anti-CTLA-4) is being tested in patients with metastatic mela-  16.  Robert C, Thomas L, Bondarenko I, et al. Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine
        noma and lung, breast, and pancreatic cancer (ClinicalTrials.  for previously untreated metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med
        gov).                                                      2011;364(26):2517–26.
                                                                17.  Eggermont AM, Chiarion-Sileni V, Grob JJ, et al. Adjuvant ipilimumab
                                                                   versus placebo after complete resection of high-risk stage III melanoma
        CONCLUSIONS                                                (EORTC 18071): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet
                                                                   Oncol 2015;16(5):522–30.
        Cancer immunotherapy has established itself as a critical pillar   18.  Schadendorf D, Hodi FS, Robert C, et al. Pooled Analysis of Long-Term
        in cancer therapy. It has resulted in durable clinical responses   Survival Data From Phase II and Phase III Trials of Ipilimumab in
        in  patients  whose  tumors  were  refractory  to  conventional   Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma. J Clin Oncol
        anticancer therapies. Nonetheless, additional research is required   2015;33(17):1889–94.
        to further optimize the existing immunotherapeutic approaches   19.  Weber JS, D’Angelo SP, Minor D, et al. Nivolumab versus chemotherapy
        and also to assess new strategies in this emerging field with   in patients with advanced melanoma who progressed after anti-CTLA-4
        significant untapped potential. Current challenges include rational   treatment (CheckMate 037): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase
        development and optimization of combination strategies,    3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2015;16(4):375–84.
        identification of biomarkers, and continued support for basic   20.  Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, et al. Nivolumab in previously untreated
                                                                   melanoma without BRAF mutation. NEJM 2015;372(4):320–30.
        and translational research to provide a greater understanding   21.  Ribas A, Puzanov I, Dummer R, et al. Pembrolizumab versus
        of mechanisms that drive antitumor immune response. Cancer   investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory melanoma
        immunotherapy has made great strides in improving clinical   (KEYNOTE-002): a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol
        outcomes for some patients, and there is great hope that continued   2015;16(8):908–18.
        research efforts will enable even more patients to benefit in the   22.  Robert C, Schachter J, Long GV, et al. Pembrolizumab versus
        future.                                                    Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma. N Engl J Med
                                                                   2015;372(26):2521–32.
        Please check your eBook at https://expertconsult.inkling.com/   23.  Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, et al. Combined Nivolumab and
        for self-assessment questions. See inside cover for registration   Ipilimumab or Monotherapy in Untreated Melanoma. N Engl J Med
        details.                                                   2015;373(1):23–34.
                                                                24.  Alexandrov LB, Nik-Zainal S, Wedge DC, et al. Signatures of mutational
                                                                   processes in human cancer. Nature 2013;500(7463):415–21.
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