Page 756 - Clinical Hematology_ Theory _ Procedures ( PDFDrive )

740 Glossary

Stokes Shif – dif erence in nanometer measure between peak excita- thrombosis – clotting or the presence o a clot

tion and peak wavelengths when using a uorochrome in an assay thrombosthenin – actomyosin
stomatocytes – an abnormally shaped red blood cell thromboxane A2 – a short-lived substance that acilitates the

stress reticulocytes – see shif reticulocytes release o platelet granular contents, induces other platelets to

stroma – the structural protein o an erythrocyte. Remains a er the aggregate, and stimulates vasoconstriction

erythrocyte has been washed ree o hemoglobin and appears as thrombus – a clot

a ghost cell or shadow when viewed under the microscope thymus – a primary organ in the reticuloendothelial system
Stuart actor – actor X TIBC – total iron-binding capacity

subacute leukemia – see MPD tissue actors – membrane lipoproteins

subarachnoi space – the space between the arachnoid and pia titer – the strength or concentration o a solution
mater layers o the meninges o the brain toxic granulation – abnormally dark granulation seen in band and

subsets – subgroups o a sample segmented neutrophils or monocytes

su anophilic – having an a nity or Sudan stain trait – a physical expression

su x – the ending o a medical term transcobalamin – a speci c globulin protein that is involved in the

sul emoglobin – a sul ur-containing hemoglobin variant physiological mechanism o vitamin B 12
supernatant – the uid above the solid portion in a centri uged or trans errin – a beta-globulin glycoprotein that binds iron and

settled mixture transports it back to the bone marrow or hemoglobin synthesis

symptomatic – a deviation rom usual unction or appearance transcription – process in which mRNA translates DNA into RNA
syn rome – a set or group o symptoms that occur together nucleotide sequences

synovial ui – joint uid translocation – a kind o chromosomal aberration in which a seg-

systemic circulation – blood circulation throughout the body ment o one chromosome breaks away rom its normal location

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) – a multisymptom disorder and attaches to another, nonhomologous, chromosome

that can af ect practically every organ o the body transu ates – an abnormal accumulation o uid (ef usion) usually
systemic rheumatic isor ers – a name commonly used or dis- caused by a systemic disease

orders o the joints, connective tissues, and collagen-vascular traumatic – severe, dramatic

disorders, or example, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) tren – a statistical observation o movement o points on a quality
control chart

T trisomy – a chromosomal alteration in which a third chromosome
exists with a homologous pair o chromosomes
T lymphocytes or T cells – cells responsible or the cellular immune tRNA – trans er RNA; small RNA molecules that interact with
response and involved in the regulation o antibody reactions amino acids and mediate their correct insertion into a growing

tanycytes – body uid cells polypeptide chain

Taq DNA polymerase – thermostable DNA polymerase used to trophoblasts – the peripheral cells o the blastocyst
polymerize new DNA strands; used in the PCR procedure tumor-suppressing genes – genes that direct cell growth in normal

target cells – abnormal red blood cells with the appearance o a cells

target with a bull’s eye tunica a ventitia – the layer o a blood vessel that consists o brous

Tay-Sachs isease – a rare, inherited disease that progressively connective tissue innervated with automatic nerve endings

destroys nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. T is disease tunica intima – the smooth sur ace o endothelium in a blood
has disrupted synthesis o an enzyme located in lysosomes vessel

tear rop cells – abnormally shaped red blood cells tunica me ia – the thickest layer o a blood vessel. It is composed

telolysosomes – iron-rich dense bodies in a cell o smooth muscle and elastic bers
telomeres – repetitive DNA sequences capped by speci c proteins turbi ity – cloudiness

at extremities o linear chromosomes

telophase – the nal stage in cellular division (mitosis) U

thalassemias – a hemoglobin de ect where insu cient globulin is

synthesized or the ormation o normal hemoglobin molecules ultrastructure – cellular organelles that can be viewed with electron
thoracentesis – piercing o the thorax (chest cavity) or the purpose microscopy

o removing uid unconjugate bilirubin – bilirubin not bound to protein

thrombin – a blood coagulation actor ( actor IIa) that is the acti- urobilinogen – an end product o bilirubin breakdown
vated orm o prothrombin

thrombocytes – blood platelets V

thrombocythemia – an increase in platelets in the blood vaccines – live or attenuated bacteria or viruses administered to

thrombocytopenia – a severe decrease in circulating platelets prevent in ection

thrombocytosis – an increase in the number o circulating platelets vacuolate lymphocytes – vacuolation may be seen in variant lym-
(thrombocytes) phocytes or as a reaction to radiation and chemotherapy

thrombomo ulin – an endothelial cell–associated, lipoprotein variance – the position o each observation (test) in relationship

co actor that assists thrombin in the activation o protein C to the mean

thrombophilia – a condition o increased likelihood o orming variant lymphocytes – atypical lymphocytes. Downey cells,
blood clots reactive or trans ormed lymphocytes, lymphocytoid or plas-

thromboplastin – blood coagulation actor III macytoid lymphocytes, and virocytes. hese cells may be

thrombopoietin – a hormone believed to be o renal origin that is ound in in ectious mononucleosis, viral pneumonia, and

secreted in response to the need or platelets viral hepatitis