Page 753 - Clinical Hematology_ Theory _ Procedures ( PDFDrive )

Glossary 737

oval macrocytes – an oval-shaped red blood cell plasma cell leukemia – a malignant proli eration o plasma cells

oxi ant stress – a decrease in the level o oxygen available to the plasma thromboplastin antece ent – actor XI
tissues caused by agents such as drugs plasma thromboplastin component – actor IX

oxi ative pathway – see hexose monophosphate shunt plasmi – small, circular, sel -replicating molecule o DNA in bac-

oxyhemoglobin – oxygenated hemoglobin teria; oreign genetic material can be introduced into the plas-

mid and ampli ed as the plasmid replicates; a cloning vector
P plasmin – a proteolytic enzyme with the ability to dissolve ormed

packe cell volume – hematocrit or microhematocrit brin clots

pallor – paleness o the skin and mucous membranes plasminogen – the inactive precursor o plasmin that is converted

pancytopenia – a severe decrease in all o the blood cells to plasmin by the action o substances such as urokinase
Papanicolaou stain – a cytological stain used most commonly to plasminogen activators – the kinase enzymes

detect uterine and cervical cancer platelet – also called thrombocyte, megakaryocyte

Pappenheimer bo ies (si erotic granules) – abnormal basophilic platelet a hesion – the ability o platelets to stick together

iron-containing granules seen in erythrocytes platelet aggregation – the gathering together o platelets

paracentesis – collection o uid rom the peritoneal cavity platelet plug – the meshing together o platelets into a solid mass
parameter – any numerical value that describes an entire population pleocytosis – the presence o a greater than normal number o

paroxysmal col hemoglobinuria – a hemolytic anemia caused by cells

cold-reacting antibodies pleural e usion – an abnormal, excessive amount o uid rom the
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria – a hemolytic anemia that chest cavity

expresses itsel during night hours pleural ui – watery liquid in the chest cavity

PAS stain – the periodic acid–Schif stain reaction or cellular PLT – platelet count

carbohydrates PNH – paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. A rare, acquired

pathogen – a disease-causing organism chronic hemolytic anemia
pathogenesis – the origin o disease poikilocytosis – alterations or variations in the shape o erythrocytes

pathophysiology – the mechanism o a pathological disorder point mutation – a change that af ects a single base in DNA

Patient Care Partnership – A Joint Commission initiative polychromasia – see polychromatophilia
PDW – platelet distribution width polychromatic normoblast – a red blood cell with a blue-tinged

Pelger-Huët anomaly – an autosomal dominant genetic disorder cytoplasm

that produces hyposegmentation o neutrophils polychromatophilia – ne, evenly distributed basophilic (blue)

pericar ial e usion – an accumulation o uid in the cardiac sac granules that impart a blue color to Wright-stained erythrocytes

pericar ial ui – watery liquid in the sac surrounding the heart polycythemia – an increase in erythrocytes in the circulatory
peripheral bloo – blood in the extremities (e.g., capillary blood) blood

peritoneal ui – watery liquid in the abdominal cavity polycythemia vera – a blood dyscrasia in which the erythrocytes,

pernicious anemia – an erythrocytic disorder associated with leukocytes, and thrombocytes are all increased above normal
de ective vitamin B uptake polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – method or synthetically
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petechiae – small purple hemorrhagic spots on the skin or mucous ampli ying known DNA sequences in vitro using many cycles o

membranes denaturation and polymerization with synthetic oligonucleotide

pH – a numerical value expressing acid, neutral, or alkaline (basic) primer extension employing aq polymerase

conditions o a solution. A pH o 7.0 is neutral. Values rom 0 to polymorphism – a condition o multiple appearance
6.9 are acidic, and values rom 7.1 to 14.0 are alkaline polysacchari e – a carbohydrate containing 10 or more

phagocyte – any cell that is capable o engul ng and destroying monosaccharides

oreign particles such as bacteria porphyrin – any o a group o iron- or magnesium- ree cyclic tet-
phagocytosis – a orm o endocytosis. T is important body de ense rapyrrole derivatives that orm the basis o the respiratory pig-

mechanism is the process by which specialized cells engul and ments o animals and plants. Porphyrins in combination with

destroy oreign particles iron orm hemes

phagosome – an isolated vacuole ormed in phagocytosis precision – the closeness o test results when repeated analyses o

pharyngitis – an in ammation o the throat the same material are per ormed
phenotype – the outward or physical expression o an inherited pre x – the beginning portion o a medical term

characteristic prekallikrein – Fletcher actor

Phila elphia chromosome – the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph ) is preleukemia – an older term or a condition preceding acute
1
a translocation involving chromosomes 22 and 9. T is transloca- leukemia

tion is present in the precursors and megakaryocytes o patients primary lymphoi tissues – the bone marrow and thymus gland are

with chronic myelogenous leukemia classi ed as primary or central lymphoid tissue

phlebotomy – the collection o venous blood or venipuncture primary myelo brosis – a myeloproli erative neoplasm

photon – a basic unit o radiation primitive hematopoiesis – begins in the embryonic yolk sac in
pia mater – the innermost o the three meninges covering the brain structures called blood islands and generates erythrocytes, mac-

and spinal cord rophages, and platelets but does not generate granulocytes or

pinocytosis – a orm o endocytosis. T is is the process in which lymphocytes
specialized cells engul uids primer – short nucleic acid sequence that pairs with ssDNA and

plasma – the straw-colored uid component o blood provides a ree 3′-OH end to “prime,” or begin polymerase syn-

plasma cell (plasmacyte) – a mature plasma cell that is not nor- thesis o a complimentary polynucleotide chain

mally ound in the circulating blood proaccelerin – actor V