Page 754 - Clinical Hematology_ Theory _ Procedures ( PDFDrive )

738 Glossary

probe – a known, labeled sequence o DNA or RNA used to RCMI – red cell morphology index. Derived rom a comparison o the

detect complementary sequences in target polynucleotides by patient’s measured red cell volume distribution with a distribution
hybridization representing the average patient population served by the labora-

procoagulant – a nonactivated coagulation actor tory. T e calculation o RCMI relates to a statistical unction called

proconvertin – actor VII z, which measures the dif erence between a random variable and

pro ciency testing – a method o assessing per ormance quality in the mean under the curve. I the RCMI is outside the −2.0 to +2.0

testing specimens range, this indicates a signi cant number o abnormal red cells
progenitor bloo cells – early orms o blood cells RDW – red cell distribution width. An index o the variation in red

progenitor cells – see progenitor blood cells cell size. It is computed rom the red cell histogram by dividing

prognosis – a orecast o the probable outcome o a condition, dis- the standard deviation by the mean and multiplying by 100
order, or disease reactive eosinophilia – an increase in eosinophils caused by in am-

proli erative compartment – the site in the bone marrow where mation or allergic reaction

blood cells multiply reactive lymphocytosis – a condition o lymphocyte response to

pronormoblast – an early red blood cell maturation stage an event

promyelocyte – an immature granulocytic leukocyte reactive neutrophilia – a increased concentration o neutrophilic
prophase – the rst stage in cellular division (mitosis) granulocytes in response to an event

prorubricyte – basophilic normoblast re cell istribution wi th (RDW) – a measurement o the varia-

prostaglan ins – naturally occurring atty acids that stimulate the tion in red blood cell size
contraction o uterine and other smooth muscle tissues Ree -Sternberg cells – characteristic cells ound in Hodgkin’s

prostatitis – in ammation o the male gland, the prostate lymphoma

prostatovesiculitis – in ammation o the prostate and seminal re ractive in ex – a measurement o the passage o light

vesicle re ractory anemia – a de ciency o red blood cells that does not

proteases – enzymes that digest proteins readily yield to treatment
protein C – a plasma protein that unctions as a potent natural re ractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB-1 an RAEB-2) –

anticoagulant a type o myelodysplastic syndrome

protein S – a plasma protein that unctions as a potent natural re ractory anemia with ring si eroblasts (RARS) – a type o

anticoagulant myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by a ring like deposit
prothrombin – actor II o iron around the cell nucleus

prothrombin group – blood coagulation actors II, VII, IX, and X regimen – a schedule o treatment

prothrombin time (PT) – a laboratory coagulation testing method Reiter’s isease – a disease o males characterized in part by migra-

protooncogenes – antecedents o oncogenes that act as central reg- tory polyarthritis
ulators o growth in normal cells relapse – to reoccur

pseu o–Pelger-Huët anomaly – a alse orm o this anomaly. See relative number – a comparative evaluation o cells that can be

Pelger-Huët anomaly expressed in percentage

pseu opo s – cytoplasmic extrusions that resemble alse eet relative polycythemias – increases in erythrocytes result rom con-
PT – prothrombin time ditions not related to increased erythropoietin production

punctate stippling – a type o dark-staining granules in red blood remission – a period in which the signs and symptoms o a disease,

cells such as leukemia, subside

purines – an organic amily that orms the nucleic acid bases restriction en onuclease – bacterial enzyme that recognizes short
purpura – extensive areas o red or dark-purple discoloration o palindromic sequences o DNA and cleaves the DNA near this

the skin “restriction site”; each enzyme is named or the bacteria rom

pyknocytes – an abnormal red blood cell shape which it has been isolated

pyknosis – contraction o a cell’s nucleus that produces a dark, restriction ragment length polymorphism (RFLP) – alteration in
dense appearance DNA ragment size caused by a change such as a deletion; rela-

pyrimi ine analog – a compound that can be substituted or a tively stable and can be detected with nucleic acid probes; i close

pyrimidine base to interrupt protein synthesis in actively mitotic on the chromosome to a disease-producing gene, it can be used

cells as a marker or this disease
pyrimi ines – an organic amily that orms the nucleic acid bases reticulate hemoglobin content – an immature orm in reticulo-

pyruvate kinase e ciency – a red blood cell enzyme de ciency cyte development, immature reticulocyte raction

reticulocyte – the last stage o the immature erythrocyte. T is
Q cell lacks a nucleus and is ound in both the bone marrow and

qualitative – a dif erence in type rather than quantity peripheral blood

quality assessment – see quality control reticuloen othelial system (RES) – see mononuclear phagocyte system

quality control (QC) – a process that monitors the accuracy and reticuloen otheliosis – increased growth and development (hyper-

reproducibility o patient results through the use o control spec- plasia) o the reticuloendothelial system
imens, meeting acceptable standards retrovirus – reverse the normal process o converting DNA to RNA

rheumatoi arthritis – a orm o arthritis most commonly seen in
R young adults

RA – see rheumatoid arthritis ribonucleic aci – RNA

ragocytes – cells o the body uid ribosomes – cellular organelles that occur both on the sur ace o the

range – the dif erence between the highest and lowest measure- rough endoplasmic reticulum and ree in the cytoplasm. T ey

ments in a series are associated with cellular protein synthesis