Page 161 - Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology ( PDFDrive )

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mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com Infective Typical Bacteriologic or Epidemiologic Findings mebooksfree.com
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PART II Clinical Bacteriology
TABLE 18–3 Gram-Negative Rods Causing Diarrhea
Leukocytes
Species
Fever
in Stool
Dose
Enterotoxin-mediated

1. Escherichia coli
Comma-shaped bacteria
2. Vibrio cholerae
Invasive-inflammatory – – + – – + ? 10 7 5 2 4 Ferments lactose

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10
Does not ferment lactose
1. Salmonella (e.g., S. enterica)
+
10
Does not ferment lactose
2. Shigella (e.g., S. dysenteriae)
+
Comma- or S-shaped bacteria; growth at 42°C
+
+
3. Campylobacter jejuni
?
4. E. coli (enteropathic strains)
+
+

+/–
+
5. E. coli O157:H7
Transmitted by undercooked hamburger; causes
?
hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Mechanism uncertain

1
+
+
?
1. Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Transmitted by seafood
1
2. Yersinia enterocolitica
+
Usually transmitted from pets (e.g., puppies)
10
+
1
Some strains produce enterotoxin, but its pathogenic role is not clear.
mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com Lactose Fermented Features of the Organism 2 mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com
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1
TABLE 18–4 Gram-Negative Rods Causing Urinary Tract Infection or Sepsis
Species
Colonies show green sheen on EMB agars
+
Escherichia coli
Causes nosocomial infections and often drug-resistant
+
Enterobacter cloacae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
+
Has large mucoid capsule and hence viscous colonies
Red pigment produced; causes nosocomial infections and often drug resistant
−
Serratia marcescens
Motility causes “swarming” on agar; produces urease
−
Proteus mirabilis
−
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Blue-green pigment and fruity odor produced; causes nosocomial infections and
often drug-resistant
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EMB = eosin–methylene blue.
1
Diagnosed by quantitative culture of urine.
2
Diagnosed by culture of blood or pus.
TABLE 18–5 Diseases Caused by Members of the Enterobacteriaceae
Major Pathogen
Minor Related Genera
Urinary tract infection, traveler’s diarrhea, neonatal meningitis
Escherichia

Shigella
Dysentery
Salmonella
Arizona, Citrobacter, Edwardsiella
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Pneumonia, urinary tract infection

Klebsiella
Hafnia
Enterobacter
Pneumonia, urinary tract infection
Pneumonia, urinary tract infection
Serratia

Providencia, Morganella
Urinary tract infection
Proteus
Plague, enterocolitis, mesenteric adenitis
Yersinia

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