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10. The measure of radiation that takes into account damage done 20. The amount of unusable waste in a used nuclear fuel rod is
by alpha, beta, and gamma is the a. 100 percent.
a. curie. b. 67 percent.
b. Becquerel. c. 20 percent.
c. rem. d. 4 percent.
d. rad. 21. One of the major problems with a fusion reactor would
11. The threshold model of long-term, low-level radiation exposure be the
to the human body proposes that a. production of radioactive waste.
a. any radiation exposure is damaging. b. high temperature requirement.
b. radiation damage will be repaired up to a certain level. c. lack of fusion fuel on Earth.
c. any radiation exposure will result in cancer and other d. lack of understanding about requirements for fusion
damage. reaction.
d. the door should be shut on nuclear energy. 22. Water is used in a pressurized water reactor as a coolant, but it
12. Radiation from sources in your everyday life is called also has the critical job of
a. safe radiation. a. absorbing radioactivity.
b. good radiation. b. keeping waste products wet.
c. background radiation. c. slowing neutrons.
d. cosmic radiation. d. preventing a rapid cooldown.
13. The relationship between mass changes and energy changes in a 23. The ejection of a beta particle from a nucleus results in
nuclear reaction is described by the a. an increase in the atomic number by 1.
a. law of conservation of mass. b. an increase in the atomic mass by 4.
b. law of conservation of matter. c. a decrease in the atomic number by 2.
2
c. formula E = mc . d. None of the above is correct.
d. molar mass. 24. The ejection of an alpha particle from a nucleus results in
14. When protons and neutrons join to make a nucleus, energy is a. an increase in the atomic number by 1.
released and b. an increase in the atomic mass by 4.
a. mass is lost. c. a decrease in the atomic number by 2.
b. mass is gained. d. None of the above is correct.
c. the mass is constant. 25. The emission of a gamma ray from a nucleus results in
d. mass is gained or lost, depending on the atomic weight. a. an increase in the atomic number by 1.
15. The energy required to break a nucleus into its constituent b. an increase in the atomic mass by 4.
protons and neutrons is the same as the c. a decrease in the atomic number by 2.
a. nuclear energy. d. None of the above is correct.
b. breaking energy. 26. An atom of radon-222 loses an alpha particle to become a more
c. binding energy. stable atom of
d. splitting energy a. radium.
16. The nuclear reaction that takes place when a nucleus splits into b. bismuth.
more stable, less massive nuclei with the release of energy is c. polonium.
called nuclear d. radon.
a. chaos. 27. The nuclear force is
b. fission. a. attractive when nucleons are closer than 10 m.
–15
–15
c. fusion. b. repulsive when nucleons are closer than 10 m.
–15
d. disintegration. c. attractive when nucleons are farther than 10 m.
–15
17. When the thing that starts a reaction is produced by the reaction, d. repulsive when nucleons are farther than 10 m.
you have a 28. Which of the following is most likely to be radioactive?
a. chain reaction. a. Nuclei with an even number of protons and neutrons
b. nuclear series. b. Nuclei with an odd number of protons and neutrons
c. decay series. c. Nuclei with the same number of protons and neutrons
d. nuclear sequence. d. The number of protons and neutrons has nothing to do with
18. There must be sufficient mass and concentration of a fissionable radioactivity.
material to support a chain reaction. This is called the 29. Hydrogen-3 is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. Which type of
a. vital mass. radiation would you expect an atom of this isotope to emit?
b. critical mass. a. An alpha particle
c. essential concentration. b. A beta particle
d. crucial mass. c. Either of the above
19. The control rods in a nuclear reactor are made of special d. Neither of the above
materials that 30. A sheet of paper will stop a (an)
a. spin, slowing the reaction. a. alpha particle.
b. absorb energy, cooling the reaction rate. b. beta particle.
c. absorb neutrons. c. gamma ray.
d. interfere with the effective transmission of electrons. d. None of the above is correct.
348 CHAPTER 13 Nuclear Reactions 13-26