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6. The color of a star is related to its 17. A galaxy is held together by
a. composition. a. stellar dust.
b. apparent magnitude. b. gravitational attraction.
c. absolute magnitude. c. electronic attractions.
d. surface temperature. d. pulsating stars.
7. The temperature-luminosity graph used to classify stars was 18. The diameter of the Milky Way is about
developed by a. 500 light-years.
a. Russell. b. 50,000 light-years.
b. Hubble. c. 100,000 light-years.
c. Hubble and Russell. d. 200 million light-years.
d. Hertzsprung and Russell. 19. Approximately how old is the universe?
8. The period-brightness relationship of a Cepheid variable star a. 5 billion years
allows astronomers to measure b. 10 billion years
a. distance. c. 14 billion years
b. age of stars. d. 25 billion years
c. luminosity. 20. Stars twinkle and planets do not twinkle because
d. size. a. planets shine by reflected light, and stars produce their own light.
9. Where does our Sun belong based on the Hertzsprung-Russell b. all stars are pulsing light sources.
classification of stars? c. stars appear as point sources of light, and planets are disk sources.
a. Main sequence d. All of the above are correct.
b. Red giant 21. How much of the celestial meridian can you see from any given
c. White dwarf point on the surface of Earth?
d. Cepheid variable a. One-fourth
10. The lifetime of a star depends on its b. One-half
a. composition. c. Three-fourths
b. mass. d. All of it
c. temperature. 22. Which of the following coordinate system of lines depends on
d. location. where you are on the surface of Earth?
11. The stages in the life of a star are a. Celestial meridian
a. protostar, main sequence, white dwarf, and red giant. b. Celestial equator
b. protostar, main sequence, red giant, and red dwarf. c. North celestial pole
c. protostar, main sequence, red giant, and white dwarf. d. None of the above is correct.
d. protostar, main sequence, red giant, and nebulae. 23. The angle that you see Polaris, the North Star, above the horizon
12. In the process of a less massive star growing old, its outer layer is is about the same as your approximate location on
sometimes blown off into space, forming a a. the celestial meridian.
a. white dwarf. b. the celestial equator.
b. black hole. c. a northern longitude.
c. Cepheid variable. d. a northern latitude.
d. planetary nebula. 24. If you were at the north celestial pole looking down on Earth,
13. The collapse of a massive star how would it appear to be moving? (Use a globe if you wish.)
a. results in a tremendous explosion called a supernova. a. Clockwise
b. forms a white dwarf. b. Counterclockwise
c. forms planetary nebulae. c. One way, then the other as a pendulum
d. results in a tremendous explosion called a pulsar. d. It would not appear to move from this location.
14. A rapidly rotating neutron star with a strong magnetic field is a 25. Your answer to question 24 means that Earth turns
a. neutron star. a. from the west toward the east.
b. pulsar. b. from the east toward the west.
c. supernova. c. at the same rate it is moving in its orbit.
d. black hole. d. not at all.
15. The product of the collapse of a massive star with a core three 26. Your answer to question 25 means that the Moon, Sun, and stars
times the mass of our Sun is a that are not circumpolar appear to rise in the
a. neutron star. a. west, move in an arc, then set in the east.
b. pulsar. b. north, move in an arc, then set in the south.
c. red giant. c. east, move in an arc, then set in the west.
d. black hole. d. south, move in an arc, then set in the north.
16. The basic unit of the universe is a
a. star.
b. solar system.
c. galaxy.
d. constellation.

14-21 CHAPTER 14 The Universe 371