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Group A—Continued Group B—Continued
9. Assume an astronaut at a space station on the Moon places a 1 cm 9. Assume an astronaut at a space station on Mars places a 1 cm
2
2
2
thick iron griddle with a surface area 8.0 × 10 cm outside to thick aluminum griddle with a surface area of 5.00 × 10 cm 2
heat it to cook an egg. Assume the solar energy received at Earth’s outside to heat it to cook pancakes. Assume the griddle absorbs
Moon is the same as at Earth, the griddle absorbs all of the solar all of the solar energy, and its initial temperature is 20°C. How
energy, and its initial temperature is 20°C. How long will it take long will it take the energy from the Sun to raise the griddle
the energy from the Sun to raise the griddle temperature to the temperature to the desired cooking temperature of 150°C?
desired cooking temperature of 90°C?
10. What is the mass of the Sun, in kilograms, based on the 10. What is the mass of the Sun, in kilograms, based on the
revolution period and distance from Mars? revolution period and distance from Venus?
11. What is the mass of the Sun, in kilograms, based on the 11. What is the mass of the Sun, in kilograms, based on the
revolution period and distance from Saturn? revolution period and distance from Neptune?
12. Based on Kepler’s third law, what is the orbital period of Jupiter? 12. Based on Kepler’s third law, what is the orbital period of Saturn?
13. Based on Kepler’s third law, what is the distance from the Sun to 13. Based on Kepler’s third law, what is the distance from the Sun to
Mars? Mercury?
14. Assuming a circular orbit, what is the orbital velocity of Mercury 14. Assuming a circular orbit, what is the orbital velocity of Earth in
in kilometers per hour? kilometers per hour?
15. Assuming a circular orbit, what is the orbital velocity of Uranus 15. Assuming a circular orbit, what is the orbital velocity of Saturn in
in kilometers per hour? kilometers per hour?

404 CHAPTER 15 The Solar System 15-28