Page 8 - PRE-U STPM BIOLOGY TERM 1

Biology Term 1 STPM Chapter 2 Structure of Cells and Organelles

3. Eukaryotic cells are true cells with nucleus and are more advanced Exam Tips
cells as found in plants, animals, fungi and protoctists (Figure 2.2). Remember the differences
between the prokaryotic
and the eukaryotic cells
including their examples

2
Plasma membrane Microtubule
Centriole

Nuclear envelope

Nucleus

Ribosome
Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
Lysosome
Golgi body
Mitochondrion

Cytoplasm

Figure 2.2 Structure of a generalised eukaryotic cell

4. Table 2.1 summarises the comparison between the structures of Summary
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Table 2.1 Comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Comparison of prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells
Characteristic Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell 1. Both have cytoplasm
and plasma membrane.
1 Cell size Usually small Usually bigger (as big as 2. Differences on cell
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(diameter 0.5-5 µm) 40 µm) surface structures, wall
material, membraneous
organelles, ribosomes
2 Form Unicellular / Unicellular, filamentous / and DNA.
filamentous multicellular
3 Cell wall Peptidoglycan Cellulose, chitinised in
(murein), not of fungi Language Check
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cellulose
• Nucleus – singular
4 Flagellum type Fine, simple and Complex, with ‘9+2’ Nuclei – plural
only consists of one pattern of triplet • Nucleolus – singular
microtubule microtubules Nucleoli – plural
• Mitochondrion – singular
5 Capsule May be present, of Usually absent Mitochondria – plural
glycoprotein

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