Page 26 - PRE-U STPM CHEMISTRY TERM 1

Chemistry Term 1 STPM

p-block

1 18
1 2
CHAPTER H 2 4 1 Proton number 13 14 15 16 17 He
8
7
3
5
6
10
9
2 Li Be H Symbol B C N O F Ne
11 12 d-block 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S Cl Ar
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pl Au Hg T1 Pb Bi Po At Rn
87 88 89 104 105 [106] [107] [108] [109]
Fr Ra Ac Rf Ha

s-block 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
f-block
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lw

Info Chem 3 The Table consists of 7 horizontal rows called Periods and 18
vertical columns called Groups.
7 Periods
18 Groups 4 It is interesting to note that only 11 of all the known elements are
4 Blocks gases under room conditions. They are H , He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn,
2
F , Cl , N and O .
2 2 2 2
5 Only 2 elements are liquids at room conditions: Br and Hg
2
(mercury).

Electronic Configuration and the Periodic Table
1 The elements in the Periodic Table can be divided into four blocks
depending on their valence shell electronic configurations.
2 They are the s block, p-block, d-block and f-block elements.
3 The s and p-blocks are called the representative elements, the
d-blocks are the transition elements, and the f-block is called the
inner transition elements.
4 All elements in the same group have the same number of valence
electrons with similar electronic configurations.

The s-block Elements
1 The s-block elements consist of elements from Group 1 and Group 2.
2 Group 1 elements (also called the alkaline metals) have one valence
1
electron in the outermost orbital with the configuration of s .

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02 Chapter 2.indd 56 3/26/18 3:14 PM