Page 14 - Ranger SPM 2022 - Additional Mathematics

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 2 Quadratic Functions

3. Expansion Factorisation or formula
Vertex form General form Intercept form
f(x) = a(x – h) + k f(x) = ax + bx + c f(x) = a(x – p)(x – q)
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Completing the Expansion
square
4. Changes in the values of Effect towards the shape and position of graph Form 4
a, h and k f(x) = a(x – h) + k
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a  0 and The shape of the f(x) a = 1
the value of a graph is and the a > 1
increases from 1. width of the graph
decreases. 0 < a < 1

a  0 and The shape of the
the value of graph is and the 0 x
a decreases width of the graph
from 1 and increases.
Only the
value approaches 0.
of a The shape of the
changes a  0 and f(x)
the value of a graph is and the
decreases from width of the graph 0 x
−1. decreases.
–1 < a < 0
a  0 and The shape of the
the value of graph is and the a < –1
a increases width of the graph a = –1
from −1 and increases.
approaches 0.
The shape of the graph does not change but the graph moves horizontally
• to the right when the value of h increases
• to the left when the value of h decreases
f(x) When the value When the value of
x = h x = h of h decreases, h increases, the
Only the
value the graph moves f(x) graph moves to
to the left.
the right.
of h x
changes 0
0 x
When the value When the value of h
of h decreases, increases, the graph
the graph moves to the right.
moves to the lef x = h x = h

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