Page 142 - Health, Population and Environment Education 9

region. The wood obtained from the trees of this region is useful to make furniture, paper,
medicines and paint.

Alpine forests

Alpine forest region is also divided into two sub- regions: Lower Alpine region and Upper
Alpine region. The region between 3000m and 4200m altitude in the western part and up
to 3000m altitude in the eastern part of Nepal is the lower alpine region. In this region, the
forests are sparse with some trees of rhododendron, pine and dhupi. Short bushes and
butyans are also found in this region. Cold climate hinders the growth of tall trees. Trees
are short and cone shaped. The altitude of 4000m is considered as the tree line beyond
which no trees grow. The region above is called upper alpine region where no trees are
found. Only some bushes, butyans, grasses and mosses are found in this region.

Importance of forest resources
Wood and timber
Forests are the main sources of timber which is used for making furniture, paper, paint,
etc. It is the main source of firewood for many people of our country.
Shelter
Forests provide natural shelter to birds and animals. It helps in the protection of
biodiversity.
Herbal plants/medicines
Forests are the sources of various types of medicinal plants like paanch aule, jatamasi,
timur etc.

Pleasant climate
Forests or plants play important role to maintain mild and moderate climate which is
pleasant for human life. Plants or trees cause enough rain which is necessary for various
purposes.

Balance in atmosphere
Plants/ trees consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen which helps to maintain balance
in the amount of oxygen in atmosphere.

Conservation of soil
Trees/ plants hold the soil tightly and prevent soil erosion.

Wildlife
Nepal has its own unique identity regarding biodiversity. Wildlife diversity is a notable
feature of Nepal. Nepal is rich in biodiversity due its great variation in altitude, climate,
geographical structure and natural vegetation. According to Nepal National Biodiversity
Strategy and Action Plan, 2014-2020, there are 6973 species of flowering plants, 212 species
of mammals, 876 species of birds, 651 species of butterflies, 5052 species of insects and 230

142 GREEN Environment Population and Health Education Book-9