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Royal Seal of 24 Shrawan 1913
King Surendra became the ceremonial king only. He became the puppet in the hand
of Junga Bahadur. The king Surendra awarded the title of Shree Teen Maharaja of
Kaski and Lamjung to Junga Bahadur on Shrawan 24, 1913. He, then could exercise
very important executive powers including appointment and dismissal of officials,
infliction of punishment and formulation of laws.

Downfall of Rana Regime

Ranas were highly autocratic dictator. They ruled in Nepal for 104 years. There were
many causes of their downfall. They are given below:

1. Family Feud

In the life time Junga Bahadur Rana, many attempts were made to oust him
from the power but they all were in vain. After his death, Ranodop became the prime
minister who was childless. The 1938’s Parva and 1942’s Parva (Massacre) gave a
new turn in the history of the Rana rule. The sons of Dhir Shumsher assassinated
Ranodip and the sons of Junga Bahadur and the role of succession went to the lineage
of Dhir Shumsher Chandra Shumsher conspired and dismissed Dev Shumsher from
the power of premiership. Thus, there were full of clashes, quarrels and conflicts
among the kith and kin.

2. Exclusion of 'C' Class Ranas

Chandra Shumsher initiated the division of class within the Rana family on the
basis of marriage. They were categorized into A, B and C classes and initiated fraction
among the Ranas. This action planted the sense of dissatisfaction and animosity
among the Rana family members. Juddha Shumsher not only abolished 'C' class
Ranas from the succession but also banished them from the country. This made the
'C' Class Ranas opponent of the Rana Regime and supported anti Rana movements
and helped to bring the Rana rule to an end.

Anti-Rana Movement

The Anti-Rana movement germinated right from the time of Junga Bahadur Rana.
After the end of First World War, the Anti-Rana voices were raised in an unorganized
way but Chandra Shumsher suppressed them. Chandra Shumsher also suppressed
the activities of Arya Samaj, Makai Parva, etc. After BS 1987 Charkha Pracharak
Samiti, Prachanda Gorkha, Mahabir School, Library Episode, Parja Parisad, Jayatu
Sanskritum were some examples of Anti-Rana movements. People became more aware
of their rights and these movements encouraged people to fight against the Rana
rule. The execution of four martyrs Shukra Raj Shastri, Dharma Bhakta Mathema,
Gangalal Shrestha and Dasarath Chand added fuel to the fire or revolution.

Dynamic Social Studies - Book IX 270