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Economic Achievement

Agriculture was given more priority during the Rana regime. Traditionally, agriculture
was the backbone of Nepalese economy. Junga Bahadur introduced diversification in
agriculture and introduced tea plantation in Ilam. Chandra Shumsher constructed
Chandra Nahar, the first irrigation canal in Nepal in the Trijuga river in Saptari.
Similarly Juddha Shumsher constructed Juddha Nahar (canal) at Manusmara River
in Rautahat for the development of agriculture. The first hydropower project was
established in Pharping with the capacity of 500 KW during the time of Chandra
Shumsher. Electricity generation brought reforms in economy of the country. Juddha
Shumsher also established hydropower station in Sundarijal. Juddha Shumsher
established industries like Biratnagar Jute Mill, Juddha Match Factory, etc. For his
contribution to establish industries, he is known as the Father of Industries. The
economic condition of Nepal was very strong at that time. There was trade relations
with Tibet, India and Europe. Nepalese raw materials were very popular in Europe.

Administrative Achievements

Ranas made several administrative reforms. Junga Bahadur Rana established Ain
Khana and Kaushal Adda to frame law, Muluki Khana to collect taxes or revenue,
Jaisi Kotha for foreign relations with Tibet, China and India. Postal service started for
governmental purpose. The Ranas continued Pajani System, the annual appointment
or dismissal of the officials as to make the officials loyal to the Ranas.
The country was divided into 35 districts during Juddha Shumsher. The Ranas
introduced Daudaha System (visitor system) to listen to the complaints of the common
people and to check the leakage of revenue. There were 9 members in the team of
Daudaha but the chief of the team would be a Rana.
The governing system was fully centralized and the law was the order of Shree
Teen Maharaj (the Rana Prime Minister). Dev Shumsher was very liberal Prime
Minister. He tried to introduce parliamentary System of Government. Padma
Shumsher introduced the first constitution of Nepal in BS 2004, though it couldn’t be
implemented.
In this way despite of being autocratic Ranas brought many reforms in the country.

Activity

Discuss the reforms brought by Rana Prime ministers still exist in the society.

Exercise

Answer the following questions:

1. “Although the Ranas were autocratic ruler and highly dictators but they brought
many reforms in the country”. Justify the statement.
273 Dynamic Social Studies - Book IX