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Lesson
7.10 Industrial Revolution and Its Impact

FACTS 1. The first machine invented during industrial Revolution
to Understand was Flying Shuttle in 1743 AD by John Kay. It was
invented to weave cotton in a wooden frame.
2. The Industrial Revolution was another of those
extraordinary jumps forward in the story of civilization.
- Stephen Gardiner

There was tremendous progress that took place in the field of industries in England in
th
th
the late of the 18 and early of the 19 centuries. Before the advent of the Industrial
Revolution, most of the people resided in small, rural communities where people were
involved in agriculture to meet their daily needs. The life was difficult, insufficient
full of disease and malnutrition. People used to produce things manually to fulfill
their necessities.
In due course of time different machines were invented to use in production of goods.
These machines were operated by power and produced goods more in quantities than
the manual work. The beginning of the use of machines in producing goods is called
Industrial Revolution. It was the revolutionary act which enhanced the production
as well as growth in economy. After the Industrial Revolution agricultural country,
England changed into an Industrial Country.

Some revolutionary acts in industries were the use of steam power, the growth of
factories, the division of labours and the mass production rather than the low
production. In fact, the Industrial Revolution was “the transformation in the methods
of production and transportation through the general substitution of power driver
machinery for hand labour”. England was the centre of the revolution due to its
location, surrounded by sea, rivers to generate electricity and it was rich in coal, iron
and sufficient amount of raw materials from agriculture.
Textile

Cottage industries based on wool, cotton, iron, coals were predominant in England
before the Industrial Revolution. In such cottage industries women, men and children
were employed. Agriculture was their primary occupation whereas cottage industries
were the secondary occupation. Frequent war in Europe demanded more weapons
and cloths for uniform. Due to colonization market was extended and demand was
high but the supply was low. Thus, the requirement of high functioning machines
encouraged the inventions of new technology in Europe. To promote cotton clothes in
England, import of clothes were strictly prohibited according to the Act of 1700 AD.
So cotton textile flourished more. Cotton clothes and Linen clothes had high demand
in England, South America, West Indies, Africa, etc.
Spinning wheels were used until 1743 AD. The thread spun by 10 persons became
sufficient for just to one weaver. Therefore, there appeared shortage of cotton thread
to weaver. So in 1743, John Kay, a weaver invented a flying Shuttle, which could work
double and marked the use of machine in factory and began the period of Industrial
275 Dynamic Social Studies - Book IX