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224 UNIT III Nursing Conceptual Models

perception of health. Stressing a new worldview that of the parts. Each environmental field is specific to its
focuses on people and their environment, she lists given human field. Both change continuously and cre-
iatrogenesis, nosocomial conditions, and hypochron- atively” (p. 3). Environmental fields are infinite, and
driasis as the major health problems in the United change is continuously innovative, unpredictable, and
States. Rogers (1986b) writes, “A new world view com- characterized by increasing diversity. Environmental
patible with the most progressive knowledge available and human fields are identified by wave patterns
is a necessary prelude to studying human health and manifesting continuous mutual change.
to determining modalities for its promotion whether
on this planet or in the outer reaches of space” (p. 2).
Theoretical Assertions
Environment The principles of homeodynamics postulate a way
Rogers (1994a) defines environment as “an irreduc- of perceiving unitary human beings. The evolution
ible, pandimensional energy field identified by pattern of these principles from 1970 to 1994 is depicted in
and manifesting characteristics different from those Table 13–1. Rogers (1970) wrote, “The life process is

TABLE 13-1 Evolution of Principles of Homeodynamics: 1970, 1983, 1986, and 1992
An Introduction to Science of Unitary Human Dimensions of Nursing Science
the Theoretical Basis Nursing: A Science Beings: A Paradigm for Health: A View and the Space Age,
of Nursing, 1970 of Unitary Man, 1980 Nursing, 1983 From Space, 1986 1992
Resonancy
Continuously propa- Continuous change Continuous change from Continuous change Continuous change
gating series of from lower- to higher- lower- to higher-frequency from lower- to from lower- to
waves between frequency wave wave patterns in the higher-frequency higher-frequency
man and environ- patterns in the human human and environmental wave patterns in wave patterns in
ment and environmental fields the human and the human and
fields environmental fields environmental fields
Helicy
Continuous, innova- Nature of change be- Continuous innovative, Continuous, innova- Continuous, innova-
tive change growing tween human and probabilistic, increasing tive, probabilistic, tive, unpredictable,
out of mutual inter- environmental fields diversity of human and increasing, and increasing diversity
action of man and is continuously innova- environmental field environmental of human and
environment along a tive, probabilistic, and patterns, characterized diversity character- environmental
spiraling longitudinal increasingly diverse, by nonrepeating ized by nonrepeating field patterns
axis bound in manifesting nonre- rhythmicities rhythmicities
space-time peating rhythmicities
Reciprocy
Continuous mutual — — — —
interaction between
the human and
environmental fields
Synchrony
Change in the human Continuous, mutual, Continuous, mutual Continuous, mutual Continuous, mutual
field and simultane- simultaneous interac- human field and human field and human field and
ous state of envi- tion between human environmental field environmental field environmental field
ronmental field and environmental process process process
at any given point fields
in space-time
Conceptualized by J. S. Daily; revised by D. Schnell & T. Wallace; updated by C. Murray.