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266 UNIT III Nursing Conceptual Models

King’s conceptual system applied to nursing adminis- report use of King’s conceptual system to improve
trative practice. Sieloff (1995) defined the health of a educational strategies (Ward, 2010).
social system. Olsson and Forsdahl (1996) examined King’s conceptual system and theory have nursing
the role of the new nurse in Norway. King (2007) education applications internationally described by
clarified application of her conceptual system in a Rooke (1995b) for a Swedish educational setting.
health care organization. Abraham (2009) explored Bello (2000) conducted research with Portuguese
planned teaching programs in environmental health. undergraduate students. Palmer (2006) identified pa-
D’Souza, Somayaji,and Subrahmanya Nairy (2011) tient education implications for nurses working with
examined “determinants of reproductive health and older adults. Costa and colleagues (2007) described a
related quality of life among Indian women in min- model of care for families at-risk.
ing communities” (p. 1963).
Frey, Sieloff, and Norris (2002) provided an over- Research
view of the impact of King’s work in the past, present, Many research studies have used King’s work as a
and future. King (2000) discussed evidence-based theoretical basis. Several studies are mentioned here,
nursing practice and, in 2007, described her theory of and others are listed in the bibliography.
goal attainment and the transaction process as viewed Langford (2008) incorporated the concept of
in the twenty-first century. Khowaja (2006) described transactions in research with “nurse practitioners and
the use of King’s conceptual system and Theory of weight loss in obese adolescents,” and Firmino, de
Goal Attainment in the development of a clinical Fatmina, Cavalcante, and Celia (2010) used personal
pathway. Lane-Tillerson (2007) emphasized that “the and interpersonal concepts for research with patients
idea of continuous advancement is central to Imo- experiencing hypertension. Others listed as follows
gene King’s (1981) conceptual framework” (p. 141), have used King’s (1981) conceptual system:
imagining nursing practice in 2050. Killeen and King • Khowaja (2006) utilized King’s conceptual system
(2007) provided additional support and addressed and theory of goal attainment to develop a clinical
the use of King’s conceptual system with nursing pathway.
informatics and nursing classification systems for • Frey, Ellis, and Naar-King (2007) examined the
global communications. Clarke, Killeen, Messmer, congruency between King’s conceptual system and
and Sieloff (2009) described King’s influence on nurs- multisystemic therapy.
ing science. Bond and colleagues (2011) analyzed • Taha (2009) utilized King’s conceptual system to ex-
the use of King’s Theory of Goal Attainment in five plore “factors relating to the disposition status in
years of publications. Messmer and Cooper (2011) children with severe traumatic brain injury” (p. 417).
described the application of King’s Theory of Goal • Talbott (2009) also used King’s conceptual system
Attainment in understanding a pediatric fall preven- to study “characteristics of students requiring spe-
tion and fall injury risk program. cialized physical health care services” (p. 418).
• George, Roach, and Andrade (2011) examined
Education the view of nursing held by consumers, surgeons,
Nursing faculty at several universities used King’s con- and nurses.
cepts to design nursing curricula, such as King and Researchers have developed many middle-range
Daubenmire (1973) at Ohio State University; Gold, theories using King’s conceptual system (King, 1978;
Haas, and King (2000) at Loyola University in Chicago; Sieloff & Frey, 2007). These theories include Frey’s
and Gulitz and King (1988) at the University of South theory of families, children, and chronic illness (Frey,
Florida. In 1980, Brown and Lee reported that King’s 1995), Killeen’s theory of patient satisfaction with
concepts were useful in developing a framework for professional nursing care (2007), Sieloff’s theory of
“use in nursing education, nursing practice, and for group power/empowerment within organizations
generating hypotheses for research . . . [They] provide (2010, Sieloff & Bularzik, 2011; Sieloff & Dunn, 2008),
a systematic means of viewing the nursing profession, Wicks’ theory of family health (Wicks, Rice, & Talley,
organizing a body of knowledge for nursing, and clari- 2007), Doornbos’ (2007) theory of family health, and
fying nursing as a discipline” (p. 468). Other studies the advance directive decision-making model of