Page 325 - alligood 8th edition_Neat

306 UNIT III Nursing Conceptual Models

MAJOR CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS—cont’d

Focal Stimulus Adaptive Responses
The focal stimulus is “the internal or external stimulus Adaptive responsesare those “that promote integrity
most immediately confronting the human system” in terms of the goals of human systems” (Roy &
(Roy & Andrews, 1999, p. 31). Andrews, 1999, p. 31).
Contextual Stimuli Ineffective Responses
Contextual stimuli “are all other stimuli present in Ineffective responses are those “that do not contribute
the situation that contribute to the effect of the focal to integrity in terms of the goals of the human system”
stimulus” (Roy & Andrews, 1999, p. 31), that is, (Roy & Andrews, 1999, p. 31).
“contextual stimuli are all the environmental factors
that present to the person from within or without Integrated Life Process
but which are not the center of the person’s attention Integrated life process refers to the “adaptation level
and/or energy” (Andrews & Roy, 1991, p. 9). at which the structures and functions of a life pro-
cess are working as a whole to meet human needs”
Residual Stimuli (Roy & Andrews, 1999, p. 31).
Residual stimuli “are environmental factors within
or without the human system with effects in the cur- Physiological-Physical Mode
rent situation that are unclear” (Roy & Andrews, The physiological mode “is associated with the physi-
1999, p. 32). cal and chemical processes involved in the function
and activities of living organisms” (Roy & Andrews,
Coping Processes 1999, p. 102). Five needs are identified in the physio-
Coping processes “are innate or acquired ways of logical-physical mode relative to the basic need of
interacting with the changing environment” (Roy & physiological integrity as follows: (1) oxygenation,
Andrews, 1999, p. 31). (2) nutrition, (3) elimination, (4) activity and rest,
and (5) protection. Complex processes that include
Innate Coping Mechanisms the senses; fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance;
Innate coping mechanisms “are genetically deter- neurological function; and endocrine function con-
mined or common to the species and are generally tribute to physiological adaptation. The basic need of
viewed as automatic processes; humans do not have the physiological mode is physiological integrity
to think about them” (Roy & Andrews, 1999, p. 46). (Roy & Andrews, 1999). The physical mode is “the
manner in which the collective human adaptive sys-
Acquired Coping Mechanisms tem manifests adaptation relative to basic operating
Acquired coping mechanisms “are developed through resources, participants, physical facilities, and fiscal
strategies such as learning. The experiences encoun- resources” (Roy & Andrews, 1999, p. 104). The basic
tered throughout life contribute to customary responses need of the physical mode is operating integrity.
to particular stimuli” (Roy & Andrews, 1999, p. 46).
Self-Concept-Group Identity Mode
Regulator Subsystem The self-concept-group identity mode is one of the
Regulator is “a major coping process involving the three psychosocial modes; “it focuses specifically on
neural, chemical, and endocrine systems” (Roy & the psychological and spiritual aspects of the human
Andrews, 1999, p. 32). system. The basic need underlying the individual
self-concept mode has been identified as psychic
Cognator Subsystem and spiritual integrity, or the need to know who one
Cognator is “a major coping process involving four is so that one can be or exist with a sense of unity,
cognitive-emotive channels: perceptual and informa- meaning, and purposefulness in the universe” (Roy
tion processing, learning, judgment, and emotion” & Andrews, 1999, p. 107). “Self-concept is defined
(Roy & Andrews, 1999, p. 31). as the composite of beliefs and feelings about oneself