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CHAPTER 25 Helen C. Erickson, Evelyn M. Tomlin, and Mary Ann P. Swain 509

health and well-being. The Modeling and Role-
Modeling Theory provides nurses with a practice- him what he needs to feel better and to help him
based theoretical framework to attain these goals, get through the next few weeks (promoting posi-
in any setting and with any population. Numerous tive future orientation). He replies, “I need to be
research studies and ongoing scientific work provide closer to my friends and the hospital. I am so
empirical support for this nursing theory. As the lonely and afraid out there by myself” (unmet love
theory matures, the extent of its merit and worth and belonging and safety and security needs).
will become evident. After a lengthy discussion, they decide together
to implement a plan of care. (The nurse is facilitat-
ing client control, affirming his strengths and his
self-care knowledge that he knows what will make
CASE STUDY
him heal; together they are setting mutual goals.)
Robert, a 75-year-old rancher with a history of Robert calls and speaks to his son, who plans to
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), visit (this action facilitates his sense of perceived
is admitted with shortness of breath, angina, and support and AI). His minister is called, and grief
nausea (unmet physiological needs). It is his counseling is arranged (support is perceived,
fourth admission in 6 months (he is having dif- facilitation of grief resolution is initiated, client is
ficulty adapting to stressors in his life). The nurse facilitated in being future-focused).
introduces herself in a quiet, calm voice and tells Robert decides that he will move to town into a
him she will be his primary nurse during his stay senior citizen apartment that provides meals and
(interventions designed to establish trust and a other services, and arrangements are made for
sense of safety and security and to facilitate a him to have help with the moving process. He will
sense of connectedness). She asks him why he be closer to the hospital and other people if he
came in (he is the primary data source). He needs them (this will help him feel safer and more
states, “I can’t breathe, and my chest hurts.” After secure). He can then choose when to visit with
he is stabilized (physiological needs are met, so friends or participate in social activities that are
the nurse can focus on his other needs), she says, offered at the complex (his love and belonging
“I notice that you have had multiple admissions needs can be met, and this facilitates his sense of
in the last few months. Why do you think you are control). He can also receive assistance with basic
here today?” (The nurse seeks information from physiological needs when needed (meals, house-
the client who is the primary data source and keeping services). After he is settled into his new
facilitates a sense of client control.) He replies, home, the nurse provides him with her telephone
“My wife of 49 years died a few months ago; she number, so he can call if he needs anything or if he
took care of me, and my heart is broken. My life just wants to check in (support and love and be-
no longer has meaning.” (He is experiencing longing needs are met). This action facilitates the
unmet needs, is having problems with the devel- client’s trust and AI. His control is maintained,
opmental stage of generativity, and is grieving the and his strengths and self-care knowledge are
loss of his wife.) affirmed (he will know and be able to call when
During her assessment, the nurse discovers that he needs assistance, or will be connected to the
Robert lives on a ranch by himself. His nearest nurse). Finally, the nurse schedules regular tele-
neighbor is 4 miles away, his son lives out of state, phone calls (based on the client’s schedule) to
he has no help with his daily living activities, he is check in and see how he is doing and to address
housebound because he can no longer drive, he any concerns or questions he has. This action
has no support system, and he feels unable to get facilitates trust, his safety and security and love
on with his life without his wife. The nurse asks and belonging, and A-I needs are met.