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to that of a vegetable rather than a therapeutic plant (Jabatan Perhutanan
Semenanjung Malaysia, n.d.). Varieties of C. asiatica that can be found
in Malaysia include pegaga cina or pegaga nyonya, pegaga daun lebar,
pegaga salad, and pegaga renek.

Brothers and sisters,
Ladies and Gentlemen,

Wound Healing Process
Damage to the integrity of biological tissue, such as skin, mucous
membranes, and organ tissues, is classified as a wound (Kujath &
Michelsen, 2008). Currently, millions of people are suffering from
chronic wounds worldwide. Chronic lower extremity ulcers do not heal
quickly and have become a serious concern for healthcare systems around
the world. Patients with wounds are susceptible to wound infection and
sepsis. In the United States, an estimated 6.5 million patients suffer from
chronic wounds, costing the healthcare system more than USD 25 billion
per year to address wound-related treatment (Järbrink et al., 2016). The
wound healing process involves a well-defined biological technique that
regenerates tissues. It entails a complicated series of events organised
into three distinct but overlapping phases: inflammation, proliferation,
and maturation (Kamoun et al., 2017).
The wound healing method involves complicated interactions
between different cell types, extracellular matrix components, and
cytokine mediators (Kamoun et al., 2017). Even though the natural
wound healing process begins to mend damaged tissues when a wound
is introduced, the wounds should be dressed appropriately. The dressing
should be able to intervene at the precise stage of wound healing or
provide the correct environment for the wound to improve the healing
process (Boateng et al., 2008; Kokabi et al., 2007).
A good and successful wound dressing should be able to maintain a
moist wound environment, protect the wound from subsequent infection,
heal the wound faster, prevent wound bed necrosis, and not cause further
trauma to the regenerated tissues after the dressing is removed. The
wound dressing should also be biocompatible with tissues and blood,
non-antigenic, non-toxic, and have adequate elasticity (Kamoun et al.,