Page 741 - Pali English Dictionary.

Sankhāra Sankhitta

by Franke in his Dīgha translation (pp. 307 sq., esp. 311 sq.); the Paṭiccasamuppāda, when we regard avijjā as creating,
see also the analysis in Cpd. 273 — 276. — Lit. "prepara- i. e. producing by spontaneous causality the sankhāras, and
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tion, get up"; appl : coefficient (of consciousness as well as of sankhārā as "natura genita atque genitura" (the latter with ref.
physical life, cp. viññāṇa), constituent, constituent potential- to the foll. viññāṇa). If we render it by "formations" (cp. Old-
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ity; (pl.) synergies, cause — combination, as in S iii.87; dis- enberg's "Gestaltungen," Buddha 1920, p. 254), we imply
cussed, B. Psy., p. 50 sq. (cp. DhsA 156, where paraphrased in the mental "constitutional" element as well as the physical, al-
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def of sa-sankhāra with "ussāha, payoga, upāya, paccaya- though the latter in customary materialistic popular philoso-
gahaṇa"); composition, aggregate. 1. Aggregate of the con- phy is the predominant factor (cp. the discrepancies of "life
ditions or essential properties for a given process or result — eternal" and "life is extinct" in one & the same European term).
e. g. (i.) the sum of the conditions or properties making up None of the "links" in the Paṭicca — samuppāda meant to the
or resulting in life or existence; the essentials or "element" of people that which it meant or was supposed to mean in the
anything (—°), e. g. āyusaṅkhāra, life — element D ii.106; S subtle and schematic philosophy (dhammā duddasā nipuṇā!)
ii.266; PvA 210; bhavasankhāra, jīvitasaṅkhāra, D ii.99, 107. of the dogmatists. — Thus sankhārā are in the widest sense
(ii.) Essential conditions, antecedents or synergy (co — ordi- the "world of phenomena" (cp. below °loka), all things which
nated activity), mental coefficients, requisite for act, speech, have been made up by pre — existing causes. — At PvA 71
thought: kāya°, vacī°, citta°, or mano°, described respectively we find sankhārā in lit. meaning as "things" (preparations)
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as "respiration," "attention and consideration," "percepts and in def of ye keci (bhogā) "whatever." The sabbe s. at S
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feelings," "because these are (respectively) bound up with," or ii.178 (trsl "all the things of this world") denote all 5 aggre-
"precede" those M i.301 (cp. 56); S iv.293; Kvu 395 (cp. trsl n gates exhausting all conditioned things; cp. Kvu 226 (trsl n
227); Vism 530 sq.; DhsA 8; VbhA 142 sq. — 2. One of the "things"); Mhvs iv.66 (: the material and transitory world);
five khandhas, or constitutional elements of physical life (see Dh 154 (vi — sankhāragataṁ cittaṁ=mind divested of all ma-
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khandha), comprising all the citta — sampayutta — cetasikā terial things); DhsA 304 (trsl "kamma activities," in connec-
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dhammā — i. e. the mental concomitants, or adjuncts which tion avijjā — paccaya — s°); Cpd. 211, n. 3. — The def of
come, or tend to come, into consciousness at the uprising of a sankhārā at Vism 526 (as result of avijjā & cause of viññāṇa
citta, or unit of cognition Dhs 1 (cp. M iii.25). As thus clas- in the P. — S.) is: sankhataṁ abhisankharontī ti sankhārā.
sified, the saṅkhāra's form the mental factor corresponding to Api ca: avijjā — paccayā sankhārā sankhāra — saddena āgata
the bodily aggregate or rūpakkhandha, and are in contrast to — sankhārā ti duvidhā sankhārā; etc. with further def. of
the three khandhas which represent a single mental function the 4 sankhāras. — 4. Var. passages for sankhāra in gen-
only. But just as kāya stands for both body and action, so eral: D ii. 213; iii.221 sq., M ii.223 (imassa dukkha — nidā-
do the concrete mental syntheses called sankhārā tend to take nassa sankhāraṁ padahato sankhāra — ppadhānā virāgo hoti);
on the implication of synergies, of purposive intellection, con- S iii.69 (ekanta — dukkhā sankhārā); iv.216 sq. (sankhārāṇaṁ
noted by the term abhisaṅkhāra, q. v. — e. g. M iii.99, where khaya — dhammatā; id. with vaya°, virāga°, nirodha° etc.); Sn
saṅkhārā are a purposive, aspiring state of mind to induce a 731 (yaṁ kiñci dukkhaṁ sambhoti sabbaṁ sankhāra — pac-
specific rebirth; S ii.82, where puññaṁ, opuññaṁ, āṇeñjaṁ s. cayā; sankhārānaṁ nirodhena n'atthi dukkhassa sambhavo);
abhisankharoti, is, in D iii.217 & Vbh 135, catalogued as the Vism 453, 462 sq. (the 51), 529 sq.; DhA iii.264, 379; VbhA
three classes of abhisankhāra; S ii.39, 360; A ii.157, where 134 (4 fold), 149 (3 fold), 192 (āyūhanā); PvA 41 (bhijjana
s. is tantamount to sañcetanā; Miln 61, where s., as khandha, — dhammā). — Of passages dealing with the sankhāras as
is replaced by cetanā (purposive conception). Thus, too, the aniccā, vayadhammā, anattā, dukkhā etc. the foll. may be
ss. in the Paṭiccasamuppāda formula are considered as the ag- mentioned: Vin i.13; S i.200; iii.24; iv.216, 259; v.56, 345; M
gregate of mental conditions which, under the law of kamma, iii.64, 108; A i.286; ii.150 sq.; iii.83, 143; iv.13, 100; It 38;
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bring about the inception of the paṭisandhiviññāṇa, or first stir- Dh 277, 383; Ps i.37, 132; ii.48; 109 sq.; Nd 444, 450; also
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ring of mental life in a newly begun individual. Lists of the Nd p. 259 (s. v. sankhārā).
psychologically, or logically distinguishable factors making -upekkhā equanimity among "things" Vism 161, 162. -
up the composite saṅkhārakkhandha, with constants and vari- ûpasama allayment of the constituents of life Dh 368, 381;
ants, are given for each class of citta in Dhs 62, etc. (N.B. cp. DhA iv.108. -khandha the aggregate of (mental) coef-
— Read cetanā for vedanā, § 338.) Phassa and cetanā are the ficients D iii.233; Kvu 578; Tikp 61; DhsA 345; VbhA 20,
two constant factors in the s — kkhandha. These lists may 42. -dukkha the evil of material life, constitutional or inher-
be compared with the later elaboration of the saṅkhāra — ele- ent ill VbhA 93 (in the classification of the sevenfold sukkha).
ments given at Vism 462 sq. — 3. sankhārā (pl.) in popular -paccayā (viññāṇaṁ) conditioned by the synergies (is vital
meaning. In the famous formula (and in many other connec- consciousness), the second linkage in the Paṭicca — samup-
tions, as e. g. sabbe sankhārā) "aniccā vata sankhārā up- pāda (q. v.) Vism 577; VbhA 152 sq. -padhāna concen-
pādavaya — dhammino" (D ii.157; S i.6, 158, 200; ii.193; tration on the sankhāras M ii.223. -majjhattatā=°upekkhā
Th 1, 1159; J i.392, cp. Vism 527), which is rendered by VbhA 283. -loka the material world, the world of forma-
Mrs. Rh. D. (Brethren, p 385 e. g.) as "O, transient are tion (or phenomena), creation, loka "per se," as contrasted to
our life's experiences! Their nature 'tis to rise and pass away," satta-loka, the world of (morally responsible) beings, loka
we have the use of s. in quite a general & popular sense of "per hominem" Vism 205; VbhA 456; SnA 442.
"life, physical or material life"; and sabbe sankhārā means
Sankhāravant (adj.) [fr. sankhāra] having sankhāras A
"everything, all physical and visible life, all creation." Taken
ii.214=Dhs 1003.
with caution the term "creation" may be applied as t.t. in
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