Page 40 - (DK Eyewitness) Travel Guide - Germany

38  INTRODUCING GERM AN Y A POR TR AIT OF GERM AN Y  39

German Scientists and Inventors 1989 Wolfgang Paul
and Hans Dehmelt
Germany is popularly regarded as a nation of practical people, receive the Nobel 1991 Erwin Neher
prize for research into
so it is hardly surprising that the history books abound with the nuclear and molecular and Bert Sakmann
1813 Karl
names of Germans who have made important contributions to Freiherr von Drais physics and for their receive the Nobel
prize for research
work in the 1950s
technological progress and the development of science. They invents the first developing the “Paul into defining
include Johann Gutenberg (around 1400–68), who invented two-wheeled vehicle – trap” – a device for the process of
communication
printing with movable type, and Karl Benz (1844–1929) and a kind of bicycle 1874 Otto Lilienthal constructs the first capturing ions between cells
Gottlieb Daimler (1834–1900) who developed the first petrol- 1831 Justus von Liebig glider for engineless flights 1987 Georg Bednorz and
driven car. In terms of Nobel Prize winners alone (and not 1791 Alexander von Humboldt, a develops a new method Karl A Müller receive the 1999 Günter
of chemical analysis
counting those who received the prize for achievements in other naturalist and geographer, 1876 Nikolaus Otto invents the Nobel prize for discovering Blobel is awarded
the Nobel prize
high temperature
discovers the presence of
fields), there is currently a total of 69 Germans. One of the most carbon dioxide in the air 1841 Julius Mayer internal combustion engine superconductivity in metal for discovering
illustrious of these is physicist Albert Einstein (1879–1955). formulates the oxides the process that
principle of conser- determines the
vation of energy direction of
1922 The Nobel movement and
c.1707 Johann 1865 Rudolf J E Prize is awarded the location
c.1600 Johann F Böttger Clausius to Albert Einstein, of proteins
Schult invents produces the formulates the who developed within cells
the dental mirror first European second law of the theory
1671 Gottfried porcelain thermodynamics of relativity
Wilhelm Leibniz,
philosopher and 1934 Ida Noddack (née Tacke), nomi-
mathematician, is 1882 Robert nated three times for the Nobel Prize in
1645 known for his Koch discovers Chemistry, is the first German physicist
Athanasius important the tuberculosis to mention the idea of nuclear fission.
Kircher philosophical 1718 Jacob 1747 Andreas Marggraf bacillus (Nobel 1980 Christiane Nüsslein-
constructs the works and his Leupold succeeds in extracting prize in 1905) Volhard and Eric Wieschaus
magic lantern – (disputed) claim to constructs the sugar crystals from identify and classify the
the first projector have invented first decimal sugar beet 15 genes that direct the
differential calculus scale cells to form a new fly.
1600 1650 1700 1750 18001800 1850 1900 1950 2000
1600 1650 1700 1750 18001800 1850 1900 1950 2000
1781 Martin H 1963 Nobel Prize
1669 Hennig 1694 Rudolph Jacob
Brand discovers Camerarius discovers the Klaproth, chemist, 1885 Karl awarded to Karl Ziegler
phosphorus existence of gender in discovers uranium Benz and for his work on industrial
production of polymers
plants, and explains the Gottlieb
role of stamens and Daimler
pollen in fertilization construct the
first petrol-
driven car 2012 Germany
1740 Johann Pott, porcelain is named as
pioneer, discovers manganese 1918 Nobel Prize the world’s top
1886 Heinrich
1609, 1619 Johannes Hertz discovers awarded to Max K photovoltaics (PV)
Kepler discovers the radio waves Planck who installer; the
principal laws of 1650 Otto von Guericke, 1745 Ewald G founded the 1944 Nobel Prize country has a
planetary movement researching air pressure von Kleist invents principles of awarded to Otto solar PV capacity
and electrostatic phenomena, quantum theory Hahn for discovery of more than
develops the vacuum pump the first electric
condenser (with Lise Meitner) 32 gigawatts, as of
1903 Arthur Korn of the process of December 2012
German Philosophers demonstrates how nuclear fission
to transmit a
German intellectuals have played a major role in the history of photograph from
philosophy. Gottfried Leibniz (1646–1716), for example, was 1866 Ernest W Siemens a distance
one of the most renowned develops the dynamo
exponents of modern rationalism. 1938 Ernst
At the turn of the 18th and 19th Ruska and
Max Knoll
centuries, Germany was a fertile 1850 Wilhelm Bauer construct the
source of new ideas, with the work constructs a submarine first electron
of philosophers such as Immanuel microscope
Kant and G W Friedrich Hegel. Karl 1841 Christian
Marx and Friedrich Engels Schönbein
discovers ozone
expounded materialism, while 1941 Konrad Zuse constructs the Z3
Friedrich Nietzsche developed his 1826 Georg S Ohm shows that calculator – the first digital “computer”
cultural and human philosophy. the ratio of a steady current to
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Martin Heidegger and Karl Jaspers voltage is a constant 1901 Nobel Prize awarded to Wilhelm C Röntgen,
(1770–1831) were leading existentialists. for his discovery of X-rays and their uses
038-039_EW_Germany.indd 38 09/10/17 12:46 pm 038-039_EW_Germany.indd 39 09/10/17 12:46 pm