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GLOSSARY

Achondroplasia A form of dwarfism that recognized body, such as the American Dewclaw A non-weight-bearing toe on the
affects the long bones of the limbs, Kennel Club, FCI, or Kennel Club. inner side of the lower foreleg (pastern).
causing them to bow outward. It is a Some breeds, such as the Schipperke, may
genetic mutation that has been selectively Breed Standard The detailed description also have dewclaws on the hind legs, while
bred for, resulting in short-legged breeds of a breed that specifies exactly how the others, such as the Norwegian Lundehund,
such as the Dachshund. dog should look, the acceptable colors and have double dewclaws.
markings, and the range of height and/or
Almond-shaped eyes Oval eyes with weight measurements. Dewlap Loose, hanging skin that falls in
slightly flattened corners that are present folds on the chin, throat, and neck of some
in breeds such as the Kooikerhondje and Brindle A color mix in which dark hairs breeds—for example, the Bloodhound.
the English Springer Spaniel. form a striped pattern on a lighter
background of tan, gold, gray, or brown. Docked tail A tail cut to a specific length in
Beard Thick, sometimes coarse and bushy accordance with the breed standard. The
hair around the lower facial area. Often Brisket The breastbone. procedure is normally carried out when
seen in wirehaired breeds. puppies are only a few days old. The
Button ears Semierect ears in which the practice is now illegal in the UK and parts of
Belton A coat pattern that is a mix of top part folds down toward the eye Europe except for the tails of working dogs
white and colored hairs (roan) that may covering the ear opening. They are seen such as the German Shorthaired Pointer.
have a flecked or ticked appearance. on breeds such as the Fox Terrier.
Dolichocephalic head A long, narrow
Bicolor Any color combined with white Candleflame ears Long, narrow, erect head with an imperceptible stop, as seen
patches. ears that are shaped like a candleflame. in the Borzoi, for example.
They are seen on breeds such as the
Black and tan A coat color with clearly English Toy Terrier. Double coat Coat consisting of a thick, warm
defined areas of black and tan. The black underlayer and a weatherproof top layer.
color is usually found on the body and the Cape Thick hair covering the shoulders.
tan color on the underparts, muzzle, and Drop ears Ears that hang down from
perhaps as spots above the eyes. This Carnassial teeth Cheek teeth (upper their base. Pendant ears are a more
pattern also occurs in liver and tan and fourth premolar and lower first molar) that extreme form of drop ears, being
blue and tan coats. are used similar to a pair of scissors to longer and heavier.
slice through meat, hide, and bone.
Blanket, blanket markings Large Erect ears Upright or pricked ears with
areas of color over the back and sides Catlike feet Round, compact feet with the pointed or rounded tips. Candleflame ears
of the body; commonly used to describe toes grouped closely together. are an extreme type of erect ears.
hound markings.
Conformation The general appearance Estrus A period of about 3 weeks in
Blaze Broad, white marking running from of a dog that is determined by the the reproductive cycle during which a
near the top of the head to the muzzle. development of individual features and female dog can be mated. Primitive breeds
their relationship to one another. tend to come into estrus once a year (as
Brachycephalic head A head that is do wolves); in other breeds, it is usually
almost as wide as it is long due to Cropped ears Ears that are erect and twice a year.
shortening of the muzzle. The Bulldog pointed due to surgical removal of part of
and Boston Terrier are examples of the ear cartilage. The procedure, which is Feathers, feathering Fringes of hair that
breeds with this head shape. illegal in many countries, including the UK, may be found on the ear margins, belly,
is normally carried out when puppies are backs of legs, and underside of the tail.
Bracke A term used for continental about 10–16 weeks old.
hounds that specialize in running down Flews The lips of a dog. Most commonly
small game such as rabbit or fox. Croup An area of the back just above the used to describe the fleshy, hanging upper
base of the tail. lips in dogs of the mastiff type.
Breeches Fringing of longer hair on
the thighs, which is also known as Dander Small scales of dead skin shed Forelock Lock of hair on the forehead
culottes or trousers. from the body. that falls forward between the ears.
Breed Domestic dogs that have been Dapple A spotted coat of darker markings Furrow A shallow groove visible in some
selectively bred to have the same on a lighter background. Usually used as a breeds that runs from the top of the head
distinctive appearance. They conform to a description for shorthaired breeds only; down to the stop.
breed standard drawn up by a breed club merle is used to describe the same
and approved by an internationally coloring in longhaired dogs. Gait Movement or action.

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