Page 211 - (DK) Ocean - The Definitive Visual Guide

CLASSIFICATION 209

CHORDATES
PHYLUM Chordata SUBPHYLA 3 SPECIES 64,618
CLINGFISH PIPEFISH AND SEAHORSES
THE VERTEBRATES DOMINATE PHYLUM CHORDATA. The remaining two, much ORDER Gobiesociformes SPECIES 162 ORDER Syngnathiformes SPECIES 364
smaller, subphyla are united with vertebrates by the presence of the rodlike NEEDLEFISH SCORPIONFISH AND FLATHEADS
notochord, which becomes the backbone before birth in vertebrates. ORDER Beloniformes SPECIES 266 ORDER Scorpaeniformes SPECIES 1,649
SILVERSIDES PERCHLIKE FISH
TUNICATES (SEA SQUIRTS AND RELATIVES) ORDER Atheriniformes SPECIES 344 ORDER Perciformes SPECIES 11,061
SUBPHYLUM Tunicata CLASSES 4 SPECIES 3,026 SQUIRRELFISH AND RELATIVES FLATFISH
ORDER Beryciformes SPECIES 161 ORDER Pleuronectiformes SPECIES 796
DORIES AND RELATIVES PUFFERS AND FILEFISH
LANCELETS ORDER Zeiformes SPECIES 33 ORDER Tetraodontiformes SPECIES 437
SUBPHYLUM Cephalochordata CLASSES 1 SPECIES 30 STICKLEBACKS AND SEAMOTHS
ORDER Gasterosteiformes SPECIES 29
VERTEBRATES + 16 MORE ORDERS
SUBPHYLUM Vertebrata CLASSES 10 SPECIES 61,562
HAGFISH HAVE AT TIMES been excluded from the vertebrates because they
have only vestiges of a vertebral column. However, recent molecular studies REPTILES
confirm they are related to the other jawless fish, the lampreys. Reptiles, CLASS Reptilia ORDERS 4 SPECIES 7,723
birds, and mammals (as well as amphibians, of which there are no marine TURTLES
species) are informally grouped together as tetrapods (Tetrapoda) within the
larger group of jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomata), which also include fish. ORDER Chelonia FAMILIES 12 SPECIES 300
SNAKES AND LIZARDS
FISH ORDER Squamata FAMILIES 44 SPECIES 7,400
“FISH” IS AN INFORMAL TERM for four classes of animals. Similarly, CROCODILES
“jawless fish,” “cartilaginous fish,” and “bony fish” are informal groupings. ORDER Crocodilia FAMILIES 3 SPECIES 23
+ 1 NON-MARINE ORDER: THE TUATARAS (SPHENODONTIDA)
JAWLESS FISH (AGNATHANS)
BIRDS
HAGFISH CLASS Aves ORDERS 29 SPECIES 9,500
CLASS Myxini ORDERS 1 SPECIES 79
IN THIS CLASSIFICATION, the birds have been divided into 29 orders.
LAMPREYS Some scientists consider birds to be grouped within the reptiles.
CLASS Cephalaspidomorphi ORDERS 1 SPECIES 46 WATERFOWL (DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS)
ORDER Anseriformes FAMILIES 2 SPECIES 177
PENGUINS
SHARKS, RAYS, AND CHIMAERAS ORDER Sphenisciformes FAMILIES 1 SPECIES 18
SHARKS, SKATES, AND RAYS DIVERS AND LOONS FAMILIES 1 SPECIES 5
ORDER Gaviiformes
CLASS Elasmobranchii ORDERS 13 SPECIES 1,241
ALBATROSSES AND PETRELS
SHARKS
ORDERS 9 FAMILIES 34 SPECIES 523 ORDER Procellariiformes FAMILIES 4 SPECIES 142
GREBES
SKATES AND RAYS ORDER Podicipediformes FAMILIES 1 SPECIES 23
ORDERS 4 FAMILIES 17 SPECIES 718
PELICANS AND RELATIVES
CHIMAERAS ORDER Pelicaniformes FAMILIES 6 SPECIES 65
CLASS Holocephali ORDERS 1 SPECIES 49 HERONS AND RELATIVES
ORDER Ciconiiformes FAMILIES 6 SPECIES 119
BIRDS OF PREY
BONY FISH ORDER Falconiformes FAMILIES 5 SPECIES 333

LOBE-FINNED FISH WADERS, GULLS, AND AUKS
SUBCLASS Sarcopterygii ORDERS 3 SPECIES 8 ORDER Charadriiformes FAMILIES 18 SPECIES 385
KINGFISHERS AND RELATIVES
RAY-FINNED FISH ORDER Coraciiformes FAMILIES 9 SPECIES 230
SUBCLASS Actinopterygii ORDERS 45 SPECIES 31,282
+ 18 NON-MARINE ORDERS
STURGEONS AND PADDLEFISHES SALMONS
ORDER Acipenseriformes SPECIES 28 ORDER Salmoniformes SPECIES 219 MAMMALS
TARPONS AND TENPOUNDERS LIGHTFISH AND DRAGONFISH
ORDER Elopiformes SPECIES 9 ORDER Stomiiformes SPECIES 426 CLASS Mammalia ORDERS 27 SPECIES 5,500
BONEFISH GRINNERS THREE PARTLY OR WHOLLY MARINE mammal orders are listed here.
ORDER Albuliformes SPECIES 13 ORDER Aulopiformes SPECIES 263 The pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses), until recently classified as
EELS LANTERNFISH AND RELATIVES order Pinnipeda, do not form a natural group, and have been placed
ORDER Anguilliformes SPECIES 908 ORDER Myctophiformes SPECIES 252 within order Carnivora (cats, dogs, bears, otters, and relatives). The 27
SWALLOWERS AND GULPERS VELIFERS, TUBE-EYES, RIBBONFISH mammal orders includes new orders formerly classified as marsupials.
ORDER Saccopharyngiformes SPECIES 28 ORDER Lampriformes SPECIES 25
HERRINGS AND RELATIVES COD FISH AND RELATIVES CARNIVORES
ORDER Clupeiformes SPECIES 399 ORDER Gadiformes SPECIES 610
MILKFISH TOADFISH AND MIDSHIPMEN ORDER Carnivora FAMILIES 9 SPECIES 249
ORDER Gonorhynchiformes SPECIES 37 ORDER Batrachoidiformes SPECIES 83
CATFISH AND KNIFEFISH CUSK EELS WHALES AND DOLPHINS
ORDER Siluriformes SPECIES 3,604 ORDER Ophidiiformes SPECIES 531 ORDER Cetacea FAMILIES 12 SPECIES 85
SMELTS AND RELATIVES ANGLERFISH
ORDER Osmeriformes SPECIES 321 ORDER Lophiiformes SPECIES 358 SEA COWS
ORDER Sirenia FAMILIES 2 SPECIES 4 OCEAN LIFE
+ 23 MORE NON-MARINE ORDERS