Page 510 - (DK) Ocean - The Definitive Visual Guide

508 INDEX

Tehuantepec, Istmo de 440 tiger shark 332 triple junction Umnak Island 458 Venus Comb 284
Tehuelche Fracture Zone 444–45 tiger, Bengal 134 Azores 437 Umnak Plateau 458 Venus’s Girdle 317
temperature Tigris Euphrates Delta 99 Gulf of Guinea 443 Unalaska Island 458 Vereker Banks 465
ocean 34 Tiki Basin 423, 457, 477 Indian Ocean 446 undersea volcano see submarine Verne, Jules (1828–1905) 80
effect of El Niño/La Niña Tiktaalik roseae 227 tripodfish 223, 347 volcano Veron, Charlie (born 1945) 268
68–69 Timbue, Ponta 454 Trisopterus luscus 348 Ungava Bay 426 Verrucaria maura 254, 255
monitoring 69 Timor 447, 451, 456, 472 Tristan da Cunha 185 unicornfish, bignose 364 Verrucaria serpuloides 254
satellite monitoring 187 Timor Sea 422, 451, 472 trochophore, ciliated 279 Unimak Island 458 vertebrates 256
and sea-level 88 oil deposits 451 Tromelin 454 Union Reefs 465 Vestfjorden 425, 427, 433
and underwater circulation 60 Timor Trough 451, 456, 472 Trondheimsfjorden 433 United Nations Convention on Vesuvius 438
water 31 Tinaca Point 465, 466 tropical feather star 311 the Law of the Sea 177 Vibrio fischeri 233
Ten Degree Channel 450 Tinian 466 Tropical Rainfall Measuring uplift Victoria Harbor, Hong Kong
Tenerife 437 Tinro Basin 461 Mission 187 land 88–89 99
Tenerife Island 437 Tinro Rise 461 tropicbird, red-billed 390 tectonic Victoria Island 423, 424, 426
Tephromela atra 255 Tintamarre Spur 441 trumpetfish 356 Big Sur 103 Victoria Land 485
Teraina 476 titan triggerfish 366 tsunamis 49 Huon Peninsula 102 Viking Bank 433
Terceira 436 predator of long-spined sea 2004 Indian Ocean 49, 134, Upolu 473, 476 Viking Trough 430, 432
Terceira Rift 437 urchin 310 159, 450 upside-down jellyfish 264 Vilanandra, Tanjona 454
Terebratulina septentrionalis 315 Titanic disaster 196, 197, 431 Peru–Chile Trench 479 upwelling 60 Vincennes Bay 483
Teredo navilis 280 toad, natterjack 125 risk, La Palma Island 437 nutrient 33, 60, 213 violet seasnail 214, 256
tern toadfish, oyster 349 warning systems 49 at seamounts 174 violet-spotted reef lobster 230–
Arctic, migration 220 Tobago 441 Tohoku 462–463 effect of El Niño/La Niña 31
Caspian 397 Tobago Basin 441 Tsushima 460, 464 68–69 viperfish, Sloane’s 346
common 128 Todirhamphus chloris 399 Tsushima Basin 460, 464 St. Lawrence Estuary 116 Virgin Passage 441
fairy see tern, white Tohoku tsunami 49, 462–463 Tsushima Current 150, 464 Peru–Chile Trench 479 Virgularia mirabilis 266
Inca 397 Tokyo Bay, Yatsu-Higata tidal flat Tuamotu Fracture Zone 457, urchin, flower 310 Virik Bank 485
least 126 129 477 urchins Viscount Melville Sound 426
sooty 184 Tolo, Teluk 451 Tuamotu Islands 423, 457, 476, sea 142, 310–11 Viscount Melville Strait 424
white 397 Tomaszeski Seamount 476 477 control by sea otter 151 Viti Levu 473, 476, 481
Tern Island 468 tombolo (sand spit) 106, 108, Tuamotu Ridge 457, 476 Uria aalge 398 Vityaz Trench 473
terraces, marine 89, 103 109 Tubbataha Reefs 160 Urolophus halleri 334 Vlieland Bank 433
terrapin, diamond-backed 126 Tomini, Gulf of 451, 465, 472 tube anemone 177, 270 Ursus maritimus 402 Vohimena, Tanjona 454
terrigenous sediment 180 tompot blenny 364 tube feet 306, 308 Urticinopsis antarctica 267 Volcán Bank 441
Terrington Marshes 128 Tonga 457 tube sponge 154, 259 Uruguay Canyon 484 volcanoes
tertiary consumers 212 Tonga Ridge 473, 476, 480, 481 tube worm, giant 315 US, southeast, predicted sea-level Andean 43
Tethys Ocean 45, 438, 439 Tonga Trench 422, 457, 473, 476, tube-riding 77, 110 rise 91 Andes 479
see also Palaeo-Tethys Sea 477, 481 tubeworm, vent 189 USS Nautilus 199, 424 at convergent plate boundaries
Tetraselmis convolutae 248 Tongatapu Group 473, 476, 481 Tubipora musica 264 48
Teuthowenia pellucida 289 Tongking, Gulf of 465 Tubulanus annulatus 273 Capelinhos, Azores 437
Texas-Louisiana Shelf 440 Tongue of the Ocean 441 Tufts Plain 457 Gulf of Guinea 443
Thailand, Gulf of 456, 465 Tonicella lineata 289 tuna, northern bluefin 365 V Hawaii 103, 468
Thalassarche melanophrys 387 top predators 212 Tungaru 467, 473 Indian Ocean 455
Thalassia testudinum 148 top shell 284 tunicates, anatomy 318 Vaceletia ospreyensis 259 island chains 49, 464, 468, 480
Thalassodendron ciliatum 149 Torpedo nobiliana 334 Tunisian Plateau 438 Valencia Basin 438 Java Trench 451
Thelenota ananas 312 Torres Seamount 478 Turbanella species 316 Valencia Trough 438 Les Pitons, St. Lucia 95
thermocline 34 Torres Strait 472, 473 turbidity currents 176, 431 Valencia, Golfo de 438 Lesser Antilles 440
thermohaline processes 60 Torsk 349 turkeyfish see lionfish valleys, drowned 88, 148 and mass extinction 229
Theta Gap 437 Tortuga, Isla de 441 turnstone, ruddy 395 Valonia ventricosa 247 Mediterranean 438, 439
Thitu Reefs 465 toucan, keel-billed 132 Tursiops truncatus 414 vampire squid 289 Melanesia 472, 473
Thomson Trough 481 tourism turtle Vampyroteuthis infernalis 289 Middle America Trench 478
Thor Iversen Bank 425, 427 diving 475 Atlantic Ridley 371 Vancouver Island 423, 457, 459 Mount St. Helens 459
Thracian Sea 439 Lombok 149 eastern box 126 Vancouver, George (1757–98) 102 as origin of water 43
Three Gorges Dam 122 Red Sea 158, 475 flatback 371 Vanua Levu 473, 476 Pacific Ocean 456
Three Kings Rise 481 Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve green 112, 158, 370 Vanuatu 457, 473 Pico del Teide, Canary Islands
Three Points Spur 443 132 importance of seagrass 146 Varanus indicus 377 437
Three Points, Cape 443 toxin, red tide toxin 236, 237 hawksbill 158, 370, 372–73, Varanus salvator 377 Polynesia 477
three-spined stickleback 357 Toxopneustes pileoulus 310 474 Vava’u Group 473, 476, 481 Ring of Fire 184
three-tooth cavoline 286 Toyama Seamount 461 hazard from fishing 355 Vavilov Seamount 438 Sea of Okhotsk 460
Thunnus thynnus 365 Toyama Trench 461 leatherback 113, 371 veliger larvae 279 South Sandwich Islands 445
Thurston Island 483, 484 tozeuma shrimp 149 migration 220 Vellar Estuary 134 submarine 50–51
thysanoon Fflatworm 272 Trachinus draco 364 loggerhead 370 velvet belly lanternshark 326 undersea 50–51, 174
Thysanozoon nigropapillosum 272 trade winds 54, 428, 447, 457 turtle-headed sea snake 375 velvet crab 292 Volvo Ocean Race 57
Tiagba village, Ivory Coast 121 Traena Bank 433 turtles 368–69 velvet horn 247 von Karman vortices 52–53
tidal barriers 105 Traena Deep 433 tusk shells 279 Vema Fracture Zone 429, 447, Voring Plateau 425, 427, 429,
tidal bores transform faults 442 Tutuila 476 455 433
Mascaret 120 Easter Island Fracture Zone 479 Twelve Apostles sea stacks 20, Vema Gap 441 Voronin Trough 425
pororoca 118 transform plate boundary 48 99 Vembanad Lake 121 vortices 79, 80–81, 83
tidal currents 79 Transkei Basin 446 twilight zone 168, 170, 219 Vendée Globe Challenge 57 von Karman 52–53
tidal flats 124 Transpolar Current 200, 201, 424, Tylosaurus crocodiles 352 Venezuela, Gulf of 441 Vostok Island 476
Alaskan 129 425 typhoons 70–71 Venezuelan Basin 441 Vridi Canal 121
Minas Basin 126 trawling, damage to deep-water East China Sea 464 Venice
Morecambe Bay 127 reefs 179 Haiyan 72–73 flooding 90
Saemangeum Wetlands 129 trenches, ocean 48, 183 Philippine Sea 467 Lagoon 120, 438
South Carolina Low Country Triaenodon obesus 332 see also hurricanes Venice, Gulf of 438 W
127 Triassic, ocean life 228 T yrrhenian Basin 438 Vening Meinesz Seamounts 451
The Wash 128 Trichechus manatus 419 Tyrrhenian Sea 438 venom Wadden Sea 127
Wadden Sea 127 Trichechus senegalensis 418 beaked sea snake 374 waders 380
Yatsu-Higata 129 Trichodesmium erythraeum 233 box jellyfish 264 Wakame (Asian Kelp) 150
tidal power 428 trichomes 233 crown of thorns starfish 307 walrus 403
tidal races 79, 80–83 Tridacna gigas 281 U fire urchin 307 Waminoa species 271
tide rip 79, 82 Trieste expedition 168, 183, flower urchin 307 wandering albatross 387
tides 76, 78–79 467 Uca vocans 301 pedicellariae 307 warm currents 66
diurnal 78 triggerfish Udintsev Fracture Zone 423, 457, rabbit fish 324 warm-water coral 153
monthly cycle 79 titan 366 483 vent tubeworm 189 warming, ocean 192
neap 79 predator of long-spined sea Udskaya Guba 461 vents Wash, the 128
semidiurnal 78 urchin 310 Ulithi 465, 466 hydrothermal 32, 185, 188–89 water
spring 79 trilobites 227 Ulm Plateau 458 archaea 232 behavior of light 36–37
see also waves, ocean trimarans, ocean yacht racing 57 Ulothrix flacca 246 East Pacific Rise 478 density 31
Tierra del Fuego 444 Trindade, Ilha da 442 Ulva lactuca 246 fauna 189 global reservoirs 64
tiger cowrie 285 Trinidad 441 Umboi Island 472 Pompeii worm 171 heat capacity 31