Page 507 - (DK) Ocean - The Definitive Visual Guide

INDEX 505

Rathlin Island 81 rhinophores 286 robber crab 158, 297 Saemangeum Wetlands 129 Samoa 457
Raukumara Plain 481 Rhir, Cap 437 Robbie Ridge 476 Saffir–Simpson scale (hurricane Samoa Basin 457, 476
ray rhizoids 249 Robertson Island 484 categories) 71 samphire, marsh see common
eagle 158, 160, 204 Rhizophora stylosa 252 Roca, Cabo de 437 Sagar Kanya Seamount 449 glasswort
manta 158, 160, 335 Rhodes 439 Rochebonne, Plateau de 437 Saguenay Fiord 116 San Agustin, Cape 465, 466
painted 333 Rhodes Basin 439 Rocher Percé 431 Sahul Banks 451, 472 San Andreas Fault 123, 469
spotted eagle 335 Rhodophyta 244 rock springtail 304 Sahul land bridge 46 San Andrés Trough 441
rays Rhône Fan 438 Rockall 430, 432 Sahul Shelf 447, 451, 472 San Cristobal 473
anatomy 322 rias 88 Rockall Bank 429, 430, 432 Sailfish, Atlantic 365 San Francisco Bay 123, 469
reproduction 323 Devon Coast 96 Rockall Trough 432 sailing influence of California Current
Raz, Pointe du 437 Falmouth Bay 148 Rocket, Sea 242 long-haul 55 67, 469
razorfish 357 Tasmania 88 rockhopper penguin 444 ocean yacht racing 56–57 tide rip 82
Ré, Île de 437 ribbed mussel 127 rockling, shore 349 sailor’s eyeball 247 San Lucas, Cabo 469
rebound, post-glacial 88, 96 ribbon eel 342 rocks Saint Elias, Cape 459 San Martin Canyon 484
Recurvirostra avosetta 394 ribbon worm 273 formation 42 Saint Helena 443 San Pablo Bay 123
recycling, nutrient 212 Richardson Hills 441 igneous 42 Saint Helena Fracture Zone 429, sand
red abalone 284 ridges metamorphic 42 443 beach 107
red bandfish 359 mid-ocean 42, 174, 182, 185 seabed 142–43 Saint Lawrence Island 458 black volcanic 112
red coral, Mediterranean 266 and sea-level change 88 sedimentary 42 Saint Matthew Island 458 seabed 144
red crab, migration 302, 303 ridging, ice 198 Rodgers Seamount 442 Saint Paul Fracture Zone 429, sand belt, Nile Delta 97
red mangrove 130, 132 Rifleman Bank 465 Rodinia 44, 227 442 sand bubbler crab 290
red phalarope 380, 395 rift shrimp 189 Rodrigues 447, 455 Saipan 466 sand crocus 242
Red Sea 422, 446, 448 Riftia pachyptila 315 Rodrigues Ridge 455 Sakhalin Island 460 sand dollar 306, 310
coral reefs 158 rifting 44–45 Rodsand II 435 Sakhalinskiy Zaliv 461 sand dunes 107
Red Sea Fault Coast 98 Red Sea 44, 98 Roe Bank 450 Sakishima-shoto 464, 466 Banc d’Arguin 110
Red Sea lionfish 158, 210 Riga, Gulf of 433 Roes Welcome Sound 426 Sala y Gomez 479 Cap Ferret 110
red seaweeds 244–45 right whale 408 Roggeveen Basin 423, 457, 479 Sala y Gomez Ridge 457, 479 Curonian Spit 119
red tide toxin 164, 236, 237 Southern, migration 417 rogue waves 76 Saldanha Bay 148 destabilization 113
red-billed brush-turkey 135 Riiser–Larsen Ice Shelf 192–93, Romanche Fracture Zone 429, Salicornia europaea 251 Ninety Mile Beach 112
red-billed tropicbird 390 484 442 Salinas, Ponta das 443 North Jutland 109
red-breasted merganser 381 Ring of Fire, Pacific Ocean 174, Ronne Basin 484 salinity 35 Oregon National Dunes 113
red-breasted paradise kingfisher 184, 456, 458 Ronne Ice Shelf 423, 483, 484 Arctic Ocean 65 Skeleton Coast 98, 100–101
135 ring-tailed cardinal fish 359 Ronne–Filchner Ice Shelf 192 Baltic Sea 432 stabilization 105
reddish egret 132 ringed seal 404 Roo Rise 451 Black Sea 439 see also marram grass
redfish Rio de la Plata 118 Roosevelt Island 483, 485 Coorong Lagoon 121 sand eel 364
Laguna Madre 117 Rio Grande Fracture Zone 423, rorquals 409 Dead Sea 35 commercial fisheries 165, 355,
prickly 312 429 Rosalind Bank 441 early oceans 43 399
Reed Bank 465 Rio Grande Rise 423, 429 roseate spoonbill 132 Eastern Mediterranean 438 sand hopper 295
reef crest 154–55 Rio Jacui 117 Rosemary Bank 430, 432 epicontinental seas 45 sand scour 143
reef flat 154, 155 rip currents 110 Ross Bank 485 and freezing point of seawater sand spits 93, 108, 110
reef hermit crab 297 ripples 76 Ross Ice Shelf 192, 422, 457, 483, 35 Dungeness Spit 113
reef lizardfish 347 rise, continental 177 485 Gulf of Mexico 440 sand tiger shark 328
reef zones 154–55 Rissa tridactyla 397 Ross Island 485 Gulf of Thailand 465 sandflats 124
reef-forming sponge 260 Risso’s dolphin 414 Ross Sea 422, 457, 483, 485 inverse estuary 122 Minas Basin 126
reefs Ritchie Bank 454 Ross, Sir James Clark (1800–62) Laguna de Términos 148 sandpiper
coral 152–55 river lamprey see lampern 192, 485 under ice shelves 193 semipalmated 126
biodiversity 154–55 Rivera Fracture Zone 469, 478 Røst Bank 425, 427, 433 and underwater circulation 60 spoon-billed 129
cold-water 179 rivers Rothschild Island 484 see also salt, in seawater Sangir, Kepulauan 465, 466
destruction 155, 160 Amazon 118, 440, 65 rotifers 317 Salisbury Island 426 Santa Cruz Basin 473
formation 153 Ambodibonara 134 roughy, orange 175, 353 Salmo salar 346 Santa Cruz Islands 473
warm-water 153 Amur 65 round stingray 334 salmon 339 Santa Inés, Isla 444
zones 154–55 Brahmaputra 134, 450 roundworm 314 Atlantic 346 Santa Isabel 473
reflective beach 106, 107 Changjiang see Yangtze ROV see remotely operated coho 346 Santa Maria 436
refraction, wave 77 Chao Phraya 465 vehicle (ROV) migration 220 Santaren Channel 441
Regalecus glesne 348 Coleroon Estuary 134 Rowley Shelf 447, 451, 472 Pacific 459 Santorini 439
Regan’s angler 351 Congo 114, 443 Rowley Shoals 451, 472 salmon farming 336, 346 Santos Plateau 429
Reinga Ridge 481 Danube 439 Royal Bishop Banks 465 salp 319 São Jorge 436
Reinga, Cape 481 Digul 135 Royal Charlotte Bank 442 salt São Miguel 436
Remotely Operated Vehicle Dordogne 120 Royalist Bank 465 in seawater 32, 35 São Roque, Cabo de 442
(ROV) 173 Gambia 120 ruddy turnstone 395 see also salinity São Tomé 443
Global Explorer 172 Garonne 120 Rugen 433 salt harvesting, Guérande 128 São Vicente, Cabo de 437
Hercules 173 Ganges 134, 177, 450 Ruppert Coast 485 salt marsh moss 249 Sarawat mountain escarpment 98
Renaud Island 484 Huang He see Yellow River Ruppia maritima 148 salt marshes 124–25 Sarcophyton trocheliophorum 264
Rennell 473 Humber 119 Rydberg Peninsula 484 Bay of Fundy 124 Sardinia 438
reproduction, animals 257 Indus 448 Rynchops niger 398 biodiversity 125 Sardinia Terrace 438
reptiles 368–69 Kikori 135 Ryukyu Islands 464, 465, 466 Cape Cod 126 Sardinia–Corsica Trough 438
anatomy 368 Komoë Ryukyu Ridge 464, 466 conservation 125 Sardinops sagax 344
classification 209, 369 Lena 200, 424 Ryukyu Trench 422, 456, 464, fauna 125 Sargasso Sea 170, 423, 429, 440,
exploitation 368 Limpopo 158 465, 466, 467 formation 124 441
feeding 368 Mackenzie 63 Ryurik Seamount 449 Guérande 128 European eel 342
giant, Mesozoic 228 Mississippi 116 Minas Basin 126 Sargassum muticum 239
habitat 368 Murray 121 Morecambe Bay 127 Sargassum natans 235
reproduction 369 Neman 119 Saemangeum Wetlands 129 sargassum, brown 235
Researcher Seamount 441 Niger 443 S South Carolina Low Country sargassumfish 170, 215, 351
residence time, ion 32 Nile 97 127 Sarmiento Ridge 479
Resolution Island 426 Orange 443 “sea gliders” 187 the Wash 128 Sars Bank 444
reticulate whipray 333 Ouse 119 “stingray city” 335 Wadden Sea 127 sastrugi 193
retreat, managed 105 Paraná 118 Saaremaa 433 zones 124 satellite oceanography 186,
Réunion 446, 454 Pearl 122 Saba Bank, biodiversity 211 salt pans, Guérande 128 187
Réunion, hot spot 49, 455 Plate Estuary 118 Sabellaria alveolata 275 salt-wedge estuary 114, 116, 118 Envisat 187
Revillagigedo Islands 469 St. Lawrence 116, 431 Sabellastarte magnifica 275 saltation 107 Meteosat 187
Reykjanes Basin 423, 429, 430 Scheldt 104, 119 Sable Island 431 Saltenfiord 81 QuikScat 187
Reykjanes Ridge 423, 429, 430 Susquehanna 116 Sable, Cape 431 saltmeadow cordgrass 126 Radarsat 187
Rhabdopleura compacta 314 Trent 119 sablefish 176 Saltstraumen, tidal race 81 Saunders Coast 485
Rheic Ocean 44 Uruguay 118 saccoglossans 247 saltwater crocodile 135,136–37, Saury Seamount 441
rhesus macaque 134 Vellar 134 Saccopharynx lavenbergi 343 369, 377 saury, Atlantic 352
Rhinobatos lentiginosus 333 Xi Jiang 122 Saccorhiza polyschides 148 saltwater, global 64 Savai’i 473, 476
Rhinochimaera pacifica 324 Yangtze 122, 464 Sacculina 217, 290 Salûm, Gulf of 439 Savu Basin 451, 472
Rhinocodon typus 328 Yellow 464 Sado 464 Salvelinus alpinus 346 Savu Sea 451, 472
Rhinomuraena quaesita 342 Roaring Forties 54 Sado Ridge 461, 464 Samar 465, 466 sawfish, smalltooth 333