Page 509 - (DK) Ocean - The Definitive Visual Guide

INDEX 507

snake pipefish 356 South Scotia Ridge 444, 445 spurdog see piked dogfish Straits of Florida 440 surfing 77
snapper, bluestripe 161, 359 South Shetland 484 Squalus acanthias 325 Straits of Gibraltar, closure 45 Jeffreys Bay 110
Snares Islands 481 South Shetland Islands 444, 482, squat lobster 143, 175, 178, 179 stratification, water, Hardanger Tamarindo Beach 113
snout infantfish 161 484 Squatina californica 326 Fiord 119 Surtsey 430
snow petrel 388 South Shetland Trough 444, 484 squid striped catfish 256, 345 Surtsey Island 185, 430
snowball events 46 South Solomon Trench 473 bigfin Reef 171, 279 stromatolites 150, 226, 232 Surveyor Fracture Zone 457, 468
snowfall 64 Southampton Island 426 common 289 Strombidium sulcatum 236 Surveyor Seamount 459
Snowhill Island 484 Southeast Indian Ridge 422, 446, firefly 36, 224 Stromboli 438 Susquehanna River 116
snowy sheathbill 394 447, 483 glass 289 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus 310 Suwarrow 476
Society Islands 161, 457, 476 Southeast Monsoon 457 Humboldt 277 sturgeon Svalbard 427
Society Ridge 476 Southeast Pacific Basin 423, 457, vampire 289 Beluga 340 Sverdrup Islands 424, 425, 426
Socotra 446, 449 483 Sri Lanka 422, 447 European 340 swallow-tailed gull 396
sodium chloride 32 southern beach moss 249 St. George’s Channel 432 sturgeons 339 swamps, mangrove 130–31
sodium ions 32 Southern Cook Islands 457, 476 St. Helena 185, 442 Gironde Estuary 120 Swan Trough 440
Sodwana Bay, continental slope southern giant petrel 388 St. James, Cape 459 subduction 44, 48, 183 swash zone 106
176 Southern Ocean 482–83 St. Lawrence Estuary 116, 431 subduction zone swash-aligned beach 106
Sofala, Baia de 454 circulation 201, 482, 483 St. Lawrence Seaway 431 Aleutian Trench 458 swell 76
SOFAR channel 37 depth 169 St. Lawrence, Gulf of 429, 431 Andaman Sea 450 swiftlet, Papuan 135
Sognefjorden 433 icebergs 195 St. Lucia Channel 441 Cascade Range 459 swimbladder 256, 337
Sohm Plain 423, 429, 441 ocean floor 482 St. Lucia, Les Pitons 95 Coral Sea 473 Sydney-to-Hobart Race 57
solar heating 54, 66 winds 482, 483 St. Ninian’s Tombolo 108 Hikurangi Trench 480 Symbion americanus 313, 316
Solar System, early 40 yacht racing 57 St. Paul Island 447 Java Trench 451 Symbion pandora 316
soldierfish, whitetip 352 southern right whale 408 St. Peter and St. Paul Rocks 442 Kermadec–Tonga Trench 480 symbiosis
Solea solea 366 migration 417 St. Vincent Channel 441 Lesser Antilles volcanic island benthos 217
solenogasters 279 southern stingray 334–35 St.-Malo, Golfe de 432, 437 arc 95 colonial sea squirt 319
Solenosmilia variabilis 179 Southwest Indian Ridge 422, stack see sea stack Middle America Trench 478 giant clam 281
Solenostomus paradoxus 356 446, 455 stalked jellyfish 262 Northwestern Pacific 460 green algae 248
solid-state creep 41 Southwest Monsoon 446, 447 standing waves 79, 82 Pacific Ocean 456 Synanceia verrucosa 357
Solomon Basin 473 Southwest Pacific Basin 423, 457, star pufferfish 367 Peru–Chile Trench 479 Synchiropus splendidus 364
Solomon Islands 456, 472, 473 476, 480, 481, 483 star sea squirt 319 Philippine Trench 467 Synodus variegatus 347
Solomon Sea 422, 456, 472 Spaatz Island 484 Starbuck Island 476 Ryukyu Trench 464, 467 Syntrichia ruraliformis 249
Microplate 472 Spanish dancer 287 starfish 306 South Sandwich Trench 445 Syringodium filiforme 148
Somali Basin 422, 446, 449, 454 specific heat capacity 31 crown of thorns 158, 161, 307, Vityaz Trench 473 Syvataya 427
Somali Current 446, 447 spectacular seaweed 245 309 submarine canyon 176 Syvataya Anna Trough 425
Somateria mollissima 381 Spencer Gulf 122 goosefoot 308 submarine volcano 50–51
Somerset Island 424, 426 sperm whale 222, 412 seven arm 308 submarine waterfall 182
Somniosus microcephalus 326 spermaceti 412 stargazer, common 364 submersibles 173
Sonmiani Bay 449 Spheniscus demersus 383 statocyst 317 Alvin 168, 171, 173, 182–83 T
sooty albatross 386 Spheniscus magellanicus 383 steamer duck, Magellanic C-Quester 173
light-mantled 386 Sphyraena barracuda 365 flightless 381 Deepflight Super Falcon 173 table coral 268
sooty tern 184 Sphyrna lewini 332 Steele Island 484 Deep Rover 223 Tabuaeran 476
Sorol Trough 466 spider monkey 132 Stefansson Island 424, 426 Deepsea Challenger 173 Tachyeres pteneres 381
Soudan Bank 454 spilling breakers 77 Stegostoma fasciatum 327 Hercules ROV 173 Tacloban 72, 73
Soufrière Volcano, Monserrat 440 spiny lobster 297 Steller’s sea cow 419 Pisces IV 173 Tadjoura Trench 448
Sound Fixing and Ranging Caribbean, migration 220 Stenella longirostris 414 Shinkai 168, 173 Tadorna tadorna 381
channel (SOFAR) 37 spiny-headed blenny 16–17 Stercorarius parasiticus 398 Shinkai 6500 173 Taeniura lymma 334
Sound of Barra 148 spiral wrack 234 Stercorarius skua 398 Trieste expedition 168, 183, 467 Taganrog, Gulf of 439
sound, underwater 37 Spirobranchus giganteus 275 Sterna caspia 397 see also remotely operated Tagus Plain 437
Sousa chinensis 414 spits, sand 93, 108, 110, 113 Stewart Island 481 vehicle Tahiti 161, 457, 476
South American fur seal 403 Spitsbergen 423, 425, 427 Stewart Seamount 442, 465 subsidence, and sea-level change Taiwan 422, 456
South American pilchard 344 Spitsbergen Fracture Zone 425, stickleback, three-spined 357 88 Taiwan Banks 464, 465
South American Plate 423, 442, 427 stilt fishing 355 Sue Ridge 441 Taiwan Strait 422, 456, 464, 465
444, 479 Spitzbergen 31 stilt-mangrove, Pacific 252 Suez Canal 448 Takoma Reef 458
South American sea lion, split-fan kelp 148 stilt, black-winged 394 Suez, Gulf of 448 Takuyo-daiichi Seamount 461
breeding colonies 401 Spondylus americanus 280 stinger, mauve 225, 263 sugar kelp 148 Talaud, Kepulauan 465, 466
South Atlantic Gyre 428 sponge stinging cells 260 Suisun Bay, San Francisco 123 Tamarindo Beach 113
South Atlantic Plate 445 barrel 260 stinging hydroid 262 Sula leucogaster 391 Tanaga Island 458
South Australian Basin 422, 447 boring 217 stingray Sula nebouxii 391 Tanega-shima 464, 466
South Australian Plain 422, 447 breadcrumb 259 blue-spotted 334 Sula, Kepulauan 451, 465, 466, Tanimbar, Kepulauan 472
South Bank 433 coralline 259 round 334 472 Tanna 473
South Carolina Low Country flesh 259 southern 144–45, 334–35 sulfate, in seawater 32 tapeworm, broad fish 272
127 lemon 259 Stocks Seamount 442 sulfides, hydrothermal vents 188 Taranto, Gulf of 439
South China Basin 422, 456, 465 Mediterranean math 259 stonefish 142, 357 Sulu Archipelago 465 Tarawa 467
South China Sea 422, 456, 465 reef-forming 260 stony coral 153, 158 Sulu Basin 465 tardigrades see water bears
South East Point 480 tube 154, 259 stoplight loosejaw 347 Sulu Sea 160, 465, 466 tarpon 341
South Equatorial Current 442, sponges 260–61 Stor Bank 425, 427 Sulzberger Bay 485 Tasman Fracture Zone 422, 456,
446, 447, 451, 455, 456, 473, anatomy 260 Storfjordrenna 425, 427 Sumatra 422, 447, 451, 456, 465 480
477, 479 Spongia officinalis 259 stork Sumba, Pulau 451 Tasman Plain 456, 480
South Fiji Basin 422, 457, 473, spookfish 324 jabiru 131, 132 Sumbawa 451, 472 Tasman Plateau 447, 480
476, 481 brownsnout 171 wood 132 Sun Tasman Sea 422, 456, 480, 481
South Georgia 423, 444, 445, 482 spoon-billed sandpiper 129 storm early Solar System 40 Tasman, Abel (1603–c.1659) 480
South Georgia Ridge 444, 445 spoonbill, roseate 132 tropical 70–71 influence on tides 79 Tasmania 422, 447, 456, 480
South Georgia Rise 445 spoonworm 313, 314 see also hurricanes Sunda land bridge 46 tasselled wobbegong 327
South Indian Basin 422, 447, 483, Sporades 439 storm beach, Chesil Beach 109 Sunda Plate 450 tasselweed 148
485 sporangia 249 storm petrel Sunda Shelf 422, 451, 456, 465 Tatar Trough 461
South Indian Gyre 446 spotted boxfish 366 Leach’s 389 Sunda Strait 465 Tatarskiy Proliv 461
South Island 457, 481, 483 spotted cleaner shrimp 290 Wilson’s 389 Sunda Trench 446, 447, 450, Taupo Tablemount 481
South Makassar Basin 451 spotted cusk-eel 349 storm surge 71 451 Taurulus bubalis 357
South Orkney Islands 444, 445, spotted eagle ray 335 storm-surge barriers 105 Sundarbans Mangrove Forest 134, tawny nurse shark 327
482, 484 spotted garden eel 343 Eastern Scheldt Estuary 104, 452–453 Taylor Column 174
South Pacific Gyre 477, 479 spotted lanternfish 347 119 sunfish, ocean 215, 367 teal, Madagascar 134
South Pole 483 spotted ratfish 324 Strabo Trench 439 sunlight 36 tectonic estuary 123
South Sandwich 445 spotted reef crab 300 Stradbroke Seamount 481 sunlit zone 168, 169–70, 219 tectonic plates 44, 174, 183, 423
South Sandwich Fracture Zone spotted scorpionfish 358 Strait of Dover 433 supercontinents 44 boundaries 48–49
482, 484 Spratly Islands 465 Strait of Gibraltar 438 Supertubes, Jeffreys Bay 110 ocean floor 48–49
South Sandwich Islands 444, 445, spreading, seafloor 45 Strait of Hormuz 448 surf zone 106 Ring of Fire 184
484 Spriggina 226 Strait of Magellan 444 surf-kayaking 82 tectonic uplift, Big Sur 103
South Sandwich microplate 445 spring tides 79 Strait of Malacca 450 surface currents 58–59 Tectus niloticus 284
South Sandwich Trench 183, 428, springtail 290 Strait of Messina 82, 438 surface layer 168 Tehuantepec Ridge 478
429, 445, 482, 484 rock 304 Strait of Sicily 438 surface tension 30, 31 Tehuantepec, Gulf of 478