Page 47 - All About History - Issue 56-17

Empire of the Sun King

his ministers and advisers found him easy to
manipulate. The royal household was seen as
profligate and wasteful, revelling in fashionable The mistresses
excess while the people of France starved.
A cloud of dissent hovered over the entire
country in the 1780s, and when the hungry, poor of Versailles
masses looked to the splendour of Versailles, what
they saw made their blood boil. This was a world of For the women of Versailles, pillow talk
opulence and luxury beyond their imagining and was part of politics
presiding over it was a king who could not possibly
know what life was like for a French citizen. His
wife was dripping in jewels and clad in the latest Henrietta of England
fashions, his household filled with luxuries paid Duchess of Orléans
for by the taxes that he had levied on people who Known as Minette, Henrietta was Louis’ cousin as well as the wife
couldn’t even afford food. of his brother, Philippe de France. As daughter of Charles I, she had
Louis XIV had presided over every decision immaculate pedigree and was very generous with her favours, often
sharing male lovers with her husband. As Louis’ mistress, she played
made during his reign and Louis XV had attempted
a vital role in diplomatic business between France and England.
to do the same, not always successfully. Louis XVI,
however, was happy to be led by his ministers,
Louis XIV dressed as Apollo
and by the time he realised the way the wind was at the Bacchus Ball in 1651. Louise de La Vallière
blowing it was too late to turn back. Apollo was associated with the Duchess of La Vallière
Louis XVI had seized the reins of power and sun, and Louis decided to use Louise was employed as a decoy to allow Louis to intrigue with
it as his emblem
held them tight but he was too caught up in petty Minette, but the king and the 17 year old unexpectedly fell in love.
squabbles and his efforts to appease his courtiers Despite giving birth to ive children with her lover, Louise was
and nobles. Too late he tried to claw his way back caught up in the scheming of court factions and pushed aside by the
to the image of divine right that his predecessors ambitious Madame de Montespan – but not before given a duchy.
had established, but this was not the decisive,
unsentimental Sun King. This was the wrong man Françoise-Athénaïs
in the wrong place at the worst time. Marquise de Montespan
Louis XIV’s Versailles had been the centre
Madame de Montespan is perhaps the most famous mistress of the 47
of French rule. Under Louis XVI it became the king. She was his lover for two decades and was known by some
centre of French confusion. Less than 100 years as the real queen of France. Athénaïs was implicated in the Afaire
after the Sun King, the guillotine fell on the neck of des Poisons. Suspected of enchanting the king with witchcraft, she
his great-great-great-grandson, ending the reign of retired to a convent.
the Bourbon dynasty.
Catherine de Gramont
The fate of Louis XVI could not have
been more different, and he died on Princess of Monaco
the scaffold as a deposed king Catherine was the sister of the comte de Guiche, lover of both
Henrietta and her husband. Known as ‘the Torrent’ for her rapacious
sexual appetite, Catherine took many lovers among the nobility. She
even enjoyed a liaison with Henrietta when Henrietta was scheming
to discredit her and win back Louis’ favour!
Françoise d’Aubigné
Marquise de Maintenon
Initially governess to the illegitimate children of Louis and Madame
de Montespan, Françoise eventually supplanted her as his lover.
Historians believe that she and the widowed king were married in the
early 1780s, though their union was never made public and she was
not acknowledged as queen.

Lunch An afternoon walk Evening entertainment The grand-couvert Le coucher
The gentlemen of the court returned to the king’s With business concluded, Louis rode or walked When his son was old enough to play host, In front of an audience comprising his In an exact reversal of his morning ceremonies, Louis’
chambers to watch him eat lunch. In theory this was in the grounds of Versailles with the court ladies. Louis increasingly avoided evening gatherings, courtiers, the king repaired to his antechamber coucher saw him prepare for bed before an audience
a meal he would enjoy alone, but he preferred to Hand-holding was forbidden, and women instead but when he did attend, it was a more casual to eat at the royal table alongside members of of nobles, with one exceptionally privileged courtier
issue invitations to those who had watched him at rested their palm atop their companion’s bent affair than others. Courtiers freely mingled and the royal family. With Louis seated at a table chosen to hold a candlestick for the ceremony.
the grand entrée. Courtiers couldn’t knock on the arm. Although no official business was conducted played cards or billiards, or sometimes enjoyed facing a group of musicians, he consumed a With the king safely in bed, the courtiers left
door to gain entrance, however, and had to scratch during walks, a shrewd lady might make mention concerts. The emphasis at these evening events monumental meal of more than 20 dishes, and the Sun King settled for the night, until
on it with their little fingernail to gain his attention. of her favourite causes as they strolled. was very definitely on fun rather than pomp. enjoying just a little of each. it all began again the following day.

1.00pm 2.00pm 7.00pm 10.00pm 11.00pm