Page 68 - (DK Eyewitness) Travel Guide - Spain

66  INTRODUCING SP AIN

Bourbons to First Republic

The War of the Spanish Succession ended in triumph for
the Bourbons, who made Spain a centralized nation. Their
power was at its height during the reign of the enlightened
despot Carlos III. But the 19th century was a troubled time.
An invasion by revolutionary France led to the War of
Independence (Peninsular War). Later came the Carlist
Wars – caused by another dispute over the succession – Spain in 1714
liberal revolts and the short-lived First Republic. Domain after Treaty
of Utrecht
The Enlightenment Spanish rebel faces
The Enlightenment death in a gesture
brought new learning of crucifixion.
and novel projects.
On 5 July 1784 this
Montgolfier balloon rose
above Madrid.

A Franciscan friar
is among the
innocent victims.

Queen María Luisa
The dominating María Luisa
of Parma, por trayed by
Goya, forced her husband
Carlos IV to appoint her
lover, Manuel Godoy,
prime minister in 1792.

Hundreds of lives
Battle of Trafalgar were taken in the
The defeat of the Franco- executions, which
Spanish fleet by the British lasted several days.
admiral, Lord Nelson, off
Cape Trafalgar in 1805 was
the end of Spanish sea power.

1724 Luis I (son of Felipe V) 1767 Carlos III
1702–14 War of the Spanish gains throne when his father expels Jesuits
Succession. Spain loses abdicates, but dies within from Spain and
Netherlands and Gibraltar a year; Felipe V reinstated Spanish colonies
by Treaty of Utrecht
1700 1720 1740 1760 1780
1714 Siege and reduction 1762–3 British
of Barcelona by Felipe V government declares
war on Spanish over
Count of colonies in America
Felipe V, the first Bourbon Floridablanca 1782 Count of Floridablanca helps
king (1700–24) (1728–1808) to recover Menorca from Britain

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