Page 69 - (DK Eyewitness) Travel Guide - Spain

THE HIST OR Y OF SP AIN  67

Carlos III Leaving Naples
When Fernando VI died without an
heir in 1759, his half-brother Carlos
VII of Naples was put on the Spanish
throne as Carlos III. His enlightened
reign saw the founda tion of
academies of science and art
and the beginning of free trade.

French soldiers, operating on General Prim (1814–70)
orders from Marshal Murat, General Prim was one of
execute Spanish patriots. 19th-century Spain’s most
influential figures. He forced
the abdication of Isabel II, and
pursued liberal poli cies until
assassinated in Madrid.

French infantry
helmet

The 3rd of May in Madrid by Goya (1814)
On 2 May 1808, in reaction to Napoleon’s occupation
of Spain, the people of Madrid rose in vain against the Baroque Magnificence
occupying French forces. The next day the French The sacristy of the Monasterio de la
army took its revenge by executing hundreds of Cartuja in Granada is typical of Spanish
people, both rebels and bystanders. These events Baroque, more sumptu ous than
sparked off the War of Independence. anywhere else in Europe.

1805 Battle 1809 Wellington’s troops 1841–3 María Cristina, followed by General
of Trafalgar. join with Spanish to Espartero, acts as regent for Isabel II
Nelson defeats triumph over French
French and at Talavera 1868 Revolution under General Prim
Spanish at sea forces Isabel II into exile. Amadeo I is
Duke of Wellington king for three years from 1870
1780 1800 1820 1840 1860
1808–14 Joseph 1824 Peru is 1836 Mendizábal First Carlist War
Bonaparte on throne. the last South 1833–9 seizes monastic
War of Independence American First property for the
1812 Promulgation of country to gain Carlist Spanish state
liberal constitution in Cádiz independence War 1847–9 Second
leads to military uprising Carlist War

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