Page 51 - (DK Eyewitness) Travel Guide - Scotland

THE HIST OR Y OF SC O TLAND  49

Union with England
Mary’s son, James VI, had reigned for 36 years
when he became heir to the English throne.
In 1603 he moved his court to London
(taking his golf clubs), thus removing the
monarchy from a permanent presence in
Scotland for good. Scotland still retained its
own parliament but found it increasingly Articles of Union between England and Scotland, signed 22 July
difficult to trade in the face of restric tive 1706 and accepted in 1707
English laws. In 1698 it tried to
break the English monopoly on His call to arms to overthrow the Hanoverian
foreign trade by starting its usurper, George II, drew a poor response and
own colony in Panama, a only a few Highland chiefs offered support.
scheme that failed and From this dismal start his campaign
brought financial ruin. achieved remarkable success, but indecisive
The first proposal to leadership weakened the side.
unite the two parlia ments The rebel army came within 200 km
received a hos tile reception (125 miles) of London, throwing the city
from the public. Yet into panic, before losing heart and retreating.
influential Scots saw union At Culloden, near Inverness, the Hanoverian
as a means of securing army (which included many Scots, for this
Protestant preacher
John Knox equal trading rights. The was not an issue of nationalism) defeated
English saw it as a means of the Jacobites on a snowy 16 April 1746. The
securing the Protestant line of suc cession cause was lost. Bonnie Prince Charlie
to the throne, for by now the deposed be came a fugitive hotly pursued for six
Stuarts were threatening to reinstate the months, but despite a £30,000 reward on
Catholic line. James VII was deposed in his head he was never betrayed.
1689 and fled to France. In 1707 the
Act of Union was passed and the
Scottish Parliament was dissolved.
Bonnie Prince Charlie and
the Jacobites
In 1745 James VII’s grandson, Prince
Charles Edward Stuart, secretly
entered Scotland, land ing on the
west Highland coast with seven men
and a promise of French military Feather-capped Scottish Jacobites being attacked by Royalists at Glen Shiel
support, which never materialized. in the Highlands, 1719

MacDonald
1642 Civil 1692 Massacre of Glencoe – a shield
war in Campbell-led force murders its 1745–6 Jacobite rising. Bonnie Prince
England Charlie tries to recover throne, but loses
hosts, the MacDonalds, as an
official punitive example the Battle of Culloden and flees
1600 1650 1700 1750
1689 James VII loses throne as he 1746 Abolition of Feudal Jurisdictions
tries to restore Catholicism
1726 Roadbuilding under General Wade
1698 First Darien (Panama) Expedition to found a 1706–7 Union of Parliaments.
trading colony. Bank of Scotland established
Scottish Parliament dissolved

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