Page 339 - (DK) The Business Book

DIRECTORY 337

John Kotter in his book Matsushita business—News Corp—reported
Leadership (1997). AKIO MORITA revenues of $34 billion in 2012.
See also: John Kotter 336 ■ 1921–99 See also: Stand out in the market
Leading well 68–69 28–31 ■ Roberto Civita 334
The founder of Sony was born in
Kosugaya, Japan. He showed a love
ELTON MAYO of mathematics from an early age, VINEET NAYAR
1880–1949 and studied physics at Osaka 1962–
Imperial University. While in the
Australian management guru and navy in World War II, he met Masaru Indian businessman Vineet Nayar
industrial psychologist Elton Mayo Ibuka, with whom he later set up was born in Pantnagar, in the
was born in Adelaide. At the city’s the Tokyo Telecommunications foothills of the Himalayas. He
university he studied medicine, Engineering Corporation. Renamed studied mechanical engineering,
philosophy, and psychology, and “Sony” in 1958, the company earned a MBA, then entered
his research into the psychological produced the first transistor TV and business. In 2007 he became CEO
causes of industrial unrest led the game-changing Sony Walkman. of HCL Technologies, where he
to an invitation to join Harvard Morita was an early champion of practiced his controversial approach
Business School, where he was building an international business; to management of “employees first,”
part of the team that performed It was the first Japanese company inverting the standard operational
the celebrated Hawthorne to build factories in the US and to pyramid. Using this approach,
experiments. These demonstrated have US members on the board. detailed in a book of the same
that the perfomance of employees See also: Gaining an edge 32–39 ■ name, Nayar has transformed HCL
is influenced as much by their Keep evolving business practice into a $4.6-billion company with
surroundings as by their skills. 48–51 ■ Changing the game 92–99 offices in 31 countries.
See also: The value of teams See also: Organizing teams and
70–71 ■ Is money the motivator? talent 80–85 ■ Is money the
90–91 ■ Kaizen 302–09 RUPERT MURDOCH motivator? 90–91
1931–
ROSALIA MERA Media baron Keith Rupert Murdoch HENRI NESTLE
1944–2013 was born in Melbourne, Australia. 1814–90
He went to boarding school in
Co-founder of Zara clothing retailer, Geelong, Australia, then traveled to Heinrich “Henri” Nestlé was born
Rosalía Mera was born in La Oxford, UK, to study economics. in Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany.
Coruña, Spain, to a working-class When his father died in 1952, He trained as a pharmacist, but in
family. She dropped out of school at Rupert was bequeathed a regional 1833 fled local riots to settle in
11 to work as a seamstress. At 13, newspaper, the Adelaide News. Vevey, Switzerland. He continued
she went to work in a clothing store Murdoch learned the trade through to experiment, and in the mid-1860s
where she met Amancio Ortega, an apprenticeship at the Daily began to produce a baby food that
who was to become her husband. Express in London, then returned combined milk with wheat flour.
Nine years after their marriage in to Australia to take control of his The popularity of his “farine lactee”
1966, they opened the first Zara paper. He drove circulation higher (the first formula for babies) allowed
store, selling inexpensive clothes by delivering a more dramatic mix him to open sales offices and
based on couture designs. By 2013 of crime and scandal; the increased factories in the UK, France,
there were 1,700 Zara stores around revenues allowed him to begin Germany, and the US, while also
the world, and Forbes magazine buying more papers. Between 1968 acquiring local companies. Nestlé
named her “the wealthiest self- and 2000 he created a global went on to invent the first form of
made woman on the planet.” empire of mass media. Despite milk chocolate and soluble coffee.
See also: Gaining an edge 32–39 being involved in the newspaper See also: Creativity and invention
■ Reinventing and adapting 52–57 “hacking scandal” of 2011–12, his 72–73 ■ Ignoring the herd 146–49