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magazine, and by 1982 his holdings products that are both stylish
in book and magazine publishers, and inexpensive, IKEA has grown JOHN KOTTER
TV, radio, and cosmetic companies to encompass 284 stores in 26 1947–
were large enough to make him the countries by aiming to “allow people
first African-American to appear on with limited means to furnish their Harvard professor John Kotter is
the Forbes 400 Rich List. houses like rich people.” an expert on leadership and

See also: Gaining an edge 32–39 See also: Changing the game 92–99 change. He initially trained in
■ Changing the game 92–99 ■ Anticipating demand 290–91 electrical engineering and
computer science, but followed
his first degree with a doctorate
JOSEPH JURAN ROSABETH MOSS KANTER in business administration from
1904–2008 1943– Harvard Business School. Ranked
number one “leadership guru” by
Born in Romania, Juran emigrated Harvard professor of business BusinessWeek magazine in 2001,
with his family to the US at eight studies Rosabeth Moss Kanter was Kotter has written 17 books,
years old. Academically brilliant, he born in Cleveland, OH. She studied including the best-selling Leading
skipped four grades at school, then sociology to PhD level before Change (1996).
completed a BSc in electrical pursuing a career in business See also: Leading well 68–69 ■
engineering. By 1937 he was chief research. Kanter has taught at Changing the game 92–99
of Industrial Engineering at Western Harvard and Yale universities, and
Electric but he was seconded to published many books on business
Washington, DC, to improve the management techniques, including ESTEE LAUDER
efficiency of the lend-lease program Men and Women of the Corporation, 1908–2004
(by which the US lent funds to the which is regarded as a classic
Allied Forces). He then returned to in critical management studies. Estée Lauder was born to a family
academia; in 1951 he published The See also: Organizational culture of Jewish immigrants in Queens,
Quality Control Handbook, which 104–09 ■ The value of diversity 115 NY, in 1908. She was taught how to
became a management classic. make beauty products by her uncle,
See also: Lean production 294–95 a chemist. Beginning by selling her
■ Quality sells 318–23 PHILIP KOTLER own products at local beauty
1931– salons, Lauder built a business that
was valued at approximately $3.2
INGVAR KAMPRAD Generally regarded as the founder billion in 1995.
1926– of modern marketing management, See also: Quality sells 318–23
Kotler was born in Chicago in 1931.
Swedish businessman Ingvar He earned his PhD in economics
Kamprad is the founder of furniture at MIT, and did postdoctoral work KONOSUKE MATSUSHITA
retailer IKEA. Born in Pjätteryd, at Harvard University. Kotler was 1894–1989
Småland, he started trading for responsible for repositioning
fun as a boy, selling matches then marketing within companies, The founder of Panasonic, Konosuke
stationery in his neighborhood. moving it from a peripheral to a more Matsushita was born in Wakayama,
When he was 17, he was rewarded central position. He also shifted Japan. Following family financial
by his parents with money for good emphasis away from price and misfortunes, Matsushita was sent
school grades, and the teenager toward meeting customer needs. to Osaka at nine to become an
used this to start his own business. Kotler is the author of more than apprentice. In 1917, at 22, he set up
Kamprad began by selling door-to- 50 books, including the classic his own business making electrical
door, then started a mail-order Marketing Management (1967). sockets, and in 1918 started a new
service. In 1948 he began selling See also: The marketing model company, which was later renamed
locally made furniture and the 232–33 ■ Understanding the market “National” and then “Panasonic.”
company expanded. Renowned for 234–41 ■ Marketing mix 280–83 His leadership style was extolled by