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MODULE • Chemistry Form 4

(d) Conclusions:
Kesimpulan:
(i) Diffusion occurs faster in gas than in liquid. There is larger space in between the particles of
a gas than a liquid. Particles in a gas are further apart. The particles in the liquid
are closer together.

Resapan berlaku lebih cepat di dalam gas berbanding di dalam cecair. Terdapat ruang yang lebih besar
antara zarah-zarah gas berbanding dengan cecair. Zarah-zarah gas adalah berjauhan
antara satu sama lain. Zarah-zarah cecair adalah lebih rapat antara satu sama lain.
(ii) Diffusion occurs faster in a liquid than in solid. There is larger space in between the particles
of a liquid than a solid. The particles in the solid are very close together.

Resapan berlaku lebih cepat di dalam cecair berbanding di dalam pepejal. Terdapat ruang yang lebih besar
antara zarah-zarah cecair berbanding dengan pepejal. Zarah-zarah pepejal tersusun sangat rapat
dan padat antara satu sama lain.
(iii) Bromine gas, potassium manganate(VII) and copper(II) sulphate are made up of tiny and discrete
particles that are constantly moving/constant motion .
Gas bromin, kalium manganat(VII) dan kuprum(II) sulfat terdiri daripada zarah-zarah halus dan diskrit
yang sentiasa bergerak .

The Kinetic Theory of Matter / Teori Kinetik Jirim
1 Matter exists in three different states which are solid , liquid and gas .
Jirim wujud dalam tiga keadaan iaitu pepejal , cecair dan gas .

2 Matter that made up of tiny and discrete particles which are always in constantly moving .
Jirim terdiri daripada zarah-zarah halus dan diskrit yang sentiasa bergerak .
3 As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of particles increases and the particles move faster .
Apabila suhu meningkat, tenaga kinetik zarah-zarah akan bertambah dan zarah-zarah akan bergerak dengan lebih cepat .
4 Particles in different states of matter have different arrangement, strength of forces between them, movement and
energy content.
Zarah-zarah dalam keadaan jirim yang berbeza mempunyai susunan, daya tarikan antara zarah, pergerakan dan kandungan
tenaga yang berbeza.
5 Complete the following table: / Lengkapkan jadual di bawah:

State of matter Solid Liquid Gas
Keadaan jirim Pepejal Cecair Gas
Draw the particles arrangement.
Each particle (atom/ ion/
molecule) is represented by
Lukis susunan zarah. Setiap zarah
(atom / ion / molekul) diwakili dengan
‘ ’
The particles are arranged The particles are arranged The particles are very
closely packed in closely packed but not in widely separated
Particles arrangement orderly orderly manner from
Susunan zarah manner. . each other.
Zarah-zarah tersusun padat Zarah-zarah tersusun padat Zarah-zarah terpisah jauh
dan teratur . tetapi tidak teratur . antara satu sama lain.
Particles can only vibrate Particles can vibrate , Particles can vibrate ,
and rotate about their rotate and move rotate and move
Particles movement
Pergerakan zarah fixed position. throughout the liquid. freely.
Zarah bergetar dan berputar Zarah bergetar , berputar dan Zarah bergetar , berputar dan
pada kedudukan tetap. bergerak dalam cecair. bergerak bebas.

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