Page 486 - First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2020, Thirtieth edition [MedicalBooksVN.com]_Neat
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442 SectIon III Hematology and oncology ` hematology and oncology—PhaRmacology Hematology and oncology ` hematology and oncology—PhaRmacology
Cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin
mechanISm Cross-link DNA.
clInIcal USe Testicular, bladder, ovary, GI, and lung carcinomas.
adVeRSe eFFectS Nephrotoxicity (including Fanconi syndrome), peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity. Prevent
nephrotoxicity with amifostine (free radical scavenger) and chloride (saline) diuresis.
Etoposide, teniposide
mechanISm Inhibit topoisomerase II DNA degradation (cell cycle arrest in G and S phases).
2
clInIcal USe Solid tumors (particularly testicular and small cell lung cancer), leukemias, lymphomas.
adVeRSe eFFectS Myelosuppression, alopecia.
Irinotecan, topotecan
mechanISm Inhibit topoisomerase I and prevent DNA unwinding and replication.
clInIcal USe Colon cancer (irinotecan); ovarian and small cell lung cancers (topotecan).
adVeRSe eFFectS Severe myelosuppression, diarrhea.
Hydroxyurea
mechanISm Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase DNA Synthesis (S-phase specific).
clInIcal USe Myeloproliferative disorders (eg, CML, polycythemia vera), sickle cell disease ( HbF).
adVeRSe eFFectS Severe myelosuppression, megaloblastic anemia.
Bevacizumab
mechanISm Monoclonal antibody against VEGF. Inhibits angiogenesis (BeVacizumab inhibits Blood Vessel
formation).
clInIcal USe Solid tumors (eg, colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma), wet age-related macular degeneration.
adVeRSe eFFectS Hemorrhage, blood clots, and impaired wound healing.
Erlotinib
mechanISm EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
clInIcal USe Non-small cell lung cancer.
adVeRSe eFFectS Rash, diarrhea.
Cetuximab, panitumumab
mechanISm Monoclonal antibodies against EGFR.
clInIcal USe Stage IV colorectal cancer (wild-type KRAS), head and neck cancer.
adVeRSe eFFectS Rash, elevated LFTs, diarrhea.
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