Page 483 - First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2020, Thirtieth edition [MedicalBooksVN.com]_Neat
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Hematology and oncology ` hematology and oncology—PhaRmacology Hematology and oncology ` hematology and oncology—PhaRmacology SectIon III 439
Antitumor antibiotics
dRUg mechanISm clInIcal USe adVeRSe eFFectS
Bleomycin Induces free radical formation Testicular cancer, Hodgkin Pulmonary fibrosis, skin
breaks in DNA strands. lymphoma. hyperpigmentation. Minimal
myelosuppression.
Dactinomycin Intercalates into DNA, Wilms tumor, Ewing sarcoma, Myelosuppression.
(actinomycin D) preventing RNA synthesis. rhabdomyosarcoma. Used for
childhood tumors.
Anthracyclines Generate free radicals. Solid tumors, leukemias, Cardiotoxicity (dilated
(eg, doxorubicin, Intercalate in DNA breaks in lymphomas. cardiomyopathy),
daunorubicin) DNA replication. myelosuppression, alopecia.
Interferes with topoisomerase II Dexrazoxane (iron chelating
enzyme. agent) used to prevent
cardiotoxicity.
FAS1_2019_10-HemaOncol.indd 439 11/7/19 5:05 PM
