Page 482 - First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2020, Thirtieth edition [MedicalBooksVN.com]_Neat

438 SectIon III Hematology and oncology ` hematology and oncology—PhaRmacology Hematology and oncology ` hematology and oncology—PhaRmacology

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
inhibitors Abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban.

mechanISm Bind to the glycoprotein receptor IIb/IIIa (fibrinogen receptor) on activated platelets, preventing
aggregation. Abciximab is made from monoclonal antibody Fab fragments.
clInIcal USe Unstable angina, percutaneous coronary intervention.
adVeRSe eFFectS Bleeding, thrombocytopenia.

Cancer therapy—cell cycle

Bleomycin Microtubule inhibitors
Paclitaxel
Vinblastine
– – Vincristine
G 2 M
Double check Mitosis
repair
–
Cytokinesis
Topoisomerase inhibitors
Etoposide INTERPHASE
Teniposide
Irinotecan – Duplicate
Topotecan DNA cellular content
synthesis Cell cycle–independent drugs
– G 1 Platinum agents (eg, cisplatin)
Antimetabolites G Alkylating agents:
O
Azathioprine S Resting Busulfan
Cladribine Cyclophosphamide
Cytarabine Ifosfamide
5-fluorouracil Rb, p53 modulate Nitrosoureas (eg, carmustine)
Hydroxyurea G restriction point
1
Methotrexate
6-mercaptopurine
Cancer therapy—targets

Nucleotide synthesis DNA RNA Protein Cellular division

MTX, 5-FU: Alkylating agents, platinum agents: Vinca alkaloids:
↓ thymidine synthesis cross-link DNA inhibit microtubule formation
Paclitaxel:
6-MP: Bleomycin:
↓ de novo purine synthesis DNA strand breakage inhibits microtubule disassembly
Hydroxyurea: Dactinomycin, doxorubicin:
inhibits ribonucleotide DNA intercalators
reductase
Etoposide/teniposide:
inhibits topoisomerase II
Irinotecan/topotecan:
inhibits topoisomerase I

FAS1_2019_10-HemaOncol.indd 438 11/7/19 5:05 PM