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606 SeCTIOn III Renal ` RENAL—PAthoLogy Renal ` RENAL—PhARmACoLogy

Nephroblastoma Also called Wilms tumor. Most common renal malignancy of early childhood (ages 2–4). Contains
embryonic glomerular structures. Presents with large, palpable, unilateral flank mass A and/or
A
hematuria and possible HTN.
“Loss of function” mutations of tumor suppressor genes WT1 or WT2 on chromosome 11.
May be a part of several syndromes:
ƒ WAGR complex—Wilms tumor, Aniridia (absence of iris), Genitourinary malformations,
mental Retardation/intellectual disability (WT1 deletion)
ƒ Denys-Drash syndrome—Wilms tumor, Diffuse mesangial sclerosis (early-onset nephrotic
syndrome), Dysgenesis of gonads (male pseudohermaphroditism), WT1 mutation
ƒ Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome—Wilms tumor, macroglossia, organomegaly,
hemihyperplasia (WT2 mutation), omphalocele

Urothelial carcinoma Also called transitional cell carcinoma. Most B
of the bladder common tumor of urinary tract system (can
occur in renal calyces, renal pelvis, ureters,
A
and bladder) A B . Can be suggested by
painless hematuria (no casts).
Associated with problems in your Pee SAC:
Phenacetin, Smoking, Aniline dyes, and
Cyclophosphamide.

Fibrovascular core Dysplastic urothelium
in papillary tumor

Squamous cell Chronic irritation of urinary bladder Ž squamous metaplasia Ž dysplasia and squamous cell
carcinoma of the carcinoma.
bladder Risk factors include Schistosoma haematobium infection (Middle East), chronic cystitis, smoking,
chronic nephrolithiasis. Presents with painless hematuria (no casts).

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