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634 SectioN iii RepRoductive ` REPRODUCTIVE—PHySIOlOgy RepRoductive ` REPRODUCTIVE—PHySIOlOgy

Human placental Also called chorionic somatomammotropin.
lactogen

SOURCE Syncytiotrophoblast of placenta.
FUNCTION Stimulates insulin production; overall  insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes can occur if
maternal pancreatic function cannot overcome the insulin resistance.

Apgar score

Assessment of newborn vital signs following
Score 2 Score 1 Score 0
delivery via a 10-point scale evaluated at
1 minute and 5 minutes. Apgar score is
Appearance based on Appearance, Pulse, Grimace,
Activity, and Respiration. Apgar scores < 7
Pink Extremities blue Pale or blue
may require further evaluation. If Apgar
Pulse ≥ 100 bpm < 100 bpm No pulse score remains low at later time points, there
is  risk the child will develop long-term
Cries and Grimaces or No response to neurologic damage.
Grimace pulls away weak cry stimulation

Activity
Active movement Arms, legs flexed No movement

Respiration Strong cry Slow, irregular No breathing

FAS1_2019_15-Repro.indd 634 11/7/19 5:52 PM