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RepRoductive ` REPRODUCTIVE—PHySIOlOgy RepRoductive ` REPRODUCTIVE—PHySIOlOgy SectioN iii 635

Infant and child Milestone dates are ranges that have been approximated and vary by source. Children not meeting
development milestones may need assessment for potential developmental delay.
AgE mOTOR SOCIAl VERbAl/COgNITIVE
Infant Parents Start Observing,
0–12 mo Primitive reflexes disappear— Social smile (by 2 mo) Orients—first to voice (by
Moro (by 3 mo), rooting (by Stranger anxiety (by 6 mo) 4 mo), then to name and
4 mo), palmar (by 6 mo), Separation anxiety (by 9 mo) gestures (by 9 mo)
Babinski (by 12 mo) Object permanence (by 9 mo)
Posture—lifts head up prone (by Oratory—says “mama” and
1 mo), rolls and sits (by 6 mo), “dada” (by 10 mo)
crawls (by 8 mo), stands (by
10 mo), walks (by 12–18 mo)
Picks—passes toys hand to
hand (by 6 mo), Pincer grasp
(by 10 mo)
Points to objects (by 12 mo)
Toddler Child Rearing Working,
12–36 mo Cruises, takes first steps (by Recreation—parallel play (by Words—uses 50-200 words by
12 mo) 24–36 mo) 2 yr, uses 300+ words by 3 yr.
Climbs stairs (by 18 mo) Rapprochement—moves away
Cubes stacked—number from and returns to mother
= age (yr) × 3 (by 24 mo)
Cutlery—feeds self with fork Realization—core gender
and spoon (by 20 mo) identity formed (by 36 mo)
Kicks ball (by 24 mo)
Preschool Don’t Forget, they’re still Learning!
3–5 yr Drive—tricycle (3 wheels at Freedom—comfortably spends Language—understands 1000
3 yr) part of day away from mother words by 3 yr (3 zeros), uses
Drawings—copies line or (by 3 yr) complete sentences and
circle, stick figure (by 4 yr) Friends—cooperative play, has prepositions (by 4 yr)
Dexterity—hops on one foot imaginary friends (by 4 yr) Legends—can tell detailed
(by 4 yr), uses buttons or stories (by 4 yr)
zippers, grooms self (by 5 yr)

Low birth weight Defined as < 2500 g. Caused by prematurity or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Associated
with  risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and with  overall mortality.

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