Page 154 - Template Tesis UTM v2.0

2.0

1.6

Peak force (kN) 1.2

0.8

0.4

0.0
G2/B3/G2 G2/J3/G2 G2/F3/G2 [G/B]3G [G/J]3G [G/F]3G

Figure 4.14 Quasi-static peak force of hybrid composites

4.8.2 The Effects of Hybridisation on Quasi-Static Indentation Properties of

Hybrid and Pure Composites

As expected, the pure laminates of E-glass, G7 shows the highest quasi-static

energy and peak force compared to natural fibre laminates (B7, J7 and F7), as illustrated
in Figure 4.15. In general, the quasi-static indentation properties show the similar

effect of hybridisation; the E-glass composite, G7 displays the highest properties,
followed by hybrid composite laminates of G2/B3/G2, G2/J3/G2 or G2/F3/G2, and finally,

the pure laminates of natural fibres. The most noteworthy hybridisation is the
combination of E-glass with basalt fibres which increased energy absorption and peak

force by 73.4 and 14.9 %, respectively. As a result, the hybridisation effect is obviously

observed on the energy absorption for G2/B3/G2 instead of peak force was dominated
for G2/J3/G2 and G2/F3/G2, as tabulated in Table 4.6. In addition, it was remarkable that

the jute laminate, J7 exhibits a sudden drop after maintaining the average force between

the displacement of 4.0 to 12.5 mm, in contrast with the hybrid laminates of G2/J3/G2
and [G/J]3G, that exhibit more linear increase compared to E-glass laminate, G7 as

shown in Figure 4.16. This might be due to the increasing of stiffness that occurs in

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